Abstract
COVID-19 has emerged as the most severe pandemic with rapid transmissibility. Initially the pathophysiology was not clear and the drugs and their basis to be used have been a great challenge. Even after over 1 year of COVID-19, strategies of the usage of drugs for the treatment have been to use existing drugs that have been repurposed and/or have been given “Emergency Authorization.” Herbal medicines also emerged like other repurposed medicines in allopathy. The major focus for these drugs in various parts of the world has been prior evidence of antiviral or immunomodulatory activity. Some of the formulations could be developed from Africa, China, and India. Although the usage of such formulations started in different conditions without proper scientific studies or clinical trials, some formulations could be developed with limited but systematic clinical trials and it is expected to have its place in the world market and open new vistas of knowledge and research for COVID-19 and related diseases. It is suggested that however such herbal drug formulations must be promoted not only when allopathic drugs fail or one has a trust on traditional medicines but also if there is scientific basis for targets of COVID and evidences through clinical trials.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abad MJ, Bedoya LM, Apaza L, Bermejo P (2012) The Artemisia L. genus: a review of bioactive essential oils. Molecules 17(3):2542–2566
Chowdhury P (2020) In silico investigation of phytoconstituents from Indian medicinal herb ‘Tinospora cordifolia (giloy)’against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn:1–18
Essafi-Benkhadir K, Refai A, Riahi I, Fattouch S, Karoui H, Essafi M (2012) Quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) peel polyphenols modulate LPS-induced inflammation in human THP-1-derived macrophages through NF-κB, p38MAPK and Akt inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 418(1):180–185
Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Caironi P et al (2020) COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes? Intensive Care Med 46(6):1099–1102
Gautam S, Gautam A, Chhetri S, Bhattarai U (2020) Immunity against COVID-19: potential role of ayush kwath. J Ayurveda Integr Med
Goyal RK, Majeed J, Tonk R, Dhobi M, Patel B, Sharma K, Apparsundaram S (2020) Challenges in the development of a new drug for COVID19: current targets and drug candidates. Rev Cardiovasc Med 21(3):365–384
Goyal RK, Jaseela M, Puneeta A, Yadav S, Dadhich A (2021) Assessment of cross-country variations of COVID-19 in terms of case fatality rates and usage of complementary and alternative medicine (unpublished data)
Gundeti MS, Bhurke LW, Mundada PS et al (2020) AYUSH 64, a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation in influenza like illness: results of a pilot study. J Ayurveda Integr Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2020.05.010
Hong E-H, Song JH, Kang KB, Sung SH, Ko H-J, Yang H (2015) Anti-influenza activity of betulinic acid from Zizyphus jujuba on influenza A/PR/8 virus. Biomol Ther 23(4):345
Huang J, Tao G, Liu J, Cai J, Huang Z, Chen J-X (2020) Current prevention of COVID-19: Natural products and herbal medicine. Front Pharmacol 11:588508
Kang KB, Ming G, Kim GJ, Choi H, Oh WK, Sung SH (2015) Jubanines F–J, cyclopeptide alkaloids from the roots of Ziziphus jujuba. Phytochemistry 119:90–95
Khan F, Ali S, Ganie B, Rubab I (2009) Immunopotentiating effect of Khamira Marwarid, an herbo-mineral preparation. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 31(8):513
Kundu S, Mitra K, Bukhsh AK (2000) Efficacy of a potentized homeopathic drug (Arsenicum-Album-30) in reducing cytotoxic effects produced by arsenic trioxide in mice: IV. Pathological changes, protein profiles, and content of DNA and RNA. Complement Ther Med 8(3):157–165
Mathie RT, Baitson ES, Frye J, Nayak C, Manchanda RK, Fisher P (2013) Homeopathic treatment of patients with influenza-like illness during the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic in India. Homeopathy 102(3):187–192
Patel BM, Sharma S, Nair N, Majeed J, Goyal RK, Dhobi M (2021) Therapeutic opportunities of edible antiviral plants for COVID-19. Mol Cell Biochem 476(6):2345–2364
Pitchiah Kumar M, Meenakshi Sundaram K, Ramasamy M (2020) Coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein (2019-ncov) targeted siddha medicines kabasura kudineer and thonthasura kudineer–in silico evidence for corona viral drug. Asian J Pharm Res Health Care:20–27
Ren XH, Qi X, Zuo Q, Tang J, Liu D (2020) Analysis of treatment of 813 COVID-19 patients in the Fangcang Hospital. Med Guide 39(7):926–930
Sagar V, Kumar AH (2020) Efficacy of natural compounds from Tinospora cordifolia against SARS-CoV-2 protease, surface glycoprotein and RNA polymerase. Virology:1–10
Shi M, Peng B, Li A, Li Z, Song P, Li J, Xu R, Li N (2021) Broad anti-viral capacities of Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen Capsule and Jin-Hua-Qing-Gan Granule and rational use against COVID-19 based on literature mining. Front Pharmacol 12:640782
Shree P, Mishra P, Selvaraj C, Singh SK, Chaube R, Garg N et al (2020) Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants–Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi)–a molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn:1–14
Sivaraman D, Pradeep P (2020) Revealing anti-viral potential of Bio-active therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV2-polymerase (RdRp) in combating COVID-19. Mol Investig Indian Traditional Med
Tran HNK, Cao TQ, Kim JA, Woo MH, Min BS (2019) Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of constituents isolated from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis Rehder. Fitoterapia 137:104261
Van WB, Van OB, Gericke N (2009) Medicinal plants of South Africa, 2nd edn. Briza Publications, Pretoria
Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F (2020) Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. J Virol 94(7)
World Health Organization (2020) WHO, Africa CDC in joint push for COVID-19 traditional medicine research in Africa. https://www.afro.who.int/news/who-africa-cdc-joint-push-covid-19-traditional-medicine-research-africa. Accessed 10 Sep 2020
Xu J, Zhang Y (2020) Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of COVID-19. Complement. Ther Clin Pract 39:101165
Yadav VS, Mishra KP, Singh DP, Mehrotra S, Singh VK (2005) Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 27(3):485–497
Zhan R, Xia L, Shao J, Wang C, Chen D (2018) Polysaccharide isolated from Chinese jujube fruit (Zizyphus jujuba cv. Junzao) exerts anti-inflammatory effects through MAPK signaling. J Funct Foods 40:461–470
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goyal, R.K., Apparsundaram, S., Dhobi, M., Patel, B.M. (2021). Herbal Formulations for the Treatment of COVID-19. In: Sobti, R.C., Dhalla, N.S., Watanabe, M., Sobti, A. (eds) Delineating Health and Health System: Mechanistic Insights into Covid 19 Complications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5105-2_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5105-2_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-5104-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-5105-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)