Abstract
Grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is more complex than other cereals, since it is mostly consumed as whole grain in countries where it serves as a staple food. Grain quality of rice is more complex than other cereals, since it is mostly consumed as whole grain in countries where it serves as a staple food. The price on the market is determined by qualitative factors which include metabolism, physical appearance, cooking, sensitivity, and the amount of healthy food. It would be beneficial to have a deeper understanding of the variables that influence these quality factors. We will review the progress made in the production of the critical components of grain quality and its genetic makeup in this chapter. In the current context of declining natural resources and biodiversity, this chapter will also provide fresh insights into knowledge obtained from modern instruments, including grain quality and high yields. Rice is a distinctive and very significant crop that is believed to help feed about half of the world every day. For the supply of high-quality goods, knowing their properties and their meaning is important. This is particularly true today as, in recent years, international trade in rice has risen rapidly. This substantial chapter of the book reviews the difference in the characteristics of rice and their impact on rice quality. Rice is a unique and very important crop, which is thought to help feed about half of the planet every day. Understanding its properties and its importance is essential to the provision of high-quality products. This is especially true today as the international trade in rice has grown rapidly in recent years. This important chapter of the book reviews the variation in rice characteristics and their impact on rice quality.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahmad S, Hasanuzzaman M (2012) Integrated effect of plant density, N rates and irrigation regimes on the biomass production, N content, PAR use efficiencies and water productivity of rice under irrigated semiarid environment. Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj-Napoca 40(1):201–211
Ahmad S, Zia-ul-Haq M, Ali H, Shad SA, Ammad A, Maqsood M, Khan MB, Mehmood S, Hussain A (2008) Water and radiation use efficiencies of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) at different plant densities and irrigation regimes under semi-arid environment. Pak J Bot 40(1):199–209
Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Zia-ul-Haq M, Ali H, Khaliq T, Anjum MA, Khan MA, Hussain A, Hoogenboom G (2009) Resources use efficiency of field grown transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) under irrigated semiarid environment. J Food Agric Environ 7(2):487–492
Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Soler CMT, Ali H, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Anothai J, Hussain A, Hoogenboom G, Hasanuzzaman M (2012) Application of the CSM-CERES-Rice model for evaluation of plant density and nitrogen management of fine transplanted rice for an irrigated semiarid environment. Precis Agric 13(2):200–218
Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Ali H, Hussain A, Garcia y Garcia A, Khan MA, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Hasanuzzaman M, Hoogenboom G (2013) Application of the CSM-CERES-Rice model for evaluation of plant density and irrigation management of transplanted rice for an irrigated semiarid environment. Irrig Sci 31(3):491–506
Ahmad A, Ashfaq M, Rasul G, Wajid SA, Khaliq T, Rasul F, Saeed U, Rahman MH, Hussain J, Baig IA, Naqvi AA, Bokhari SAA, Ahmad S, Naseem W, Hoogenboom G, Valdivia RO (2015) Impact of climate change on the rice–wheat cropping system of Pakistan. In: Hillel D, Rosenzweig C (eds) Handbook of climate change and agro-ecosystems: the agricultural modeling Intercomparison and improvement project (AgMIP) integrated crop and economic assessments. Imperial College Press and the American Society of Agronomy, pp 219–258
Ahmad S, Abbas G, Ahmed M, Fatima Z, Anjum MA, Rasul G, Khan MA, Hoogenboom G (2019) Climate warming and management impact on the change of rice-wheat phenology in Punjab, Pakistan. Field Crops Res 230:46–61
Ahmed M, Ahmad S (2019) Carbon dioxide enrichment and crop productivity. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops, vol 2. Springer, Singapore, pp 31–46
Ahmed M, Ahmad S (2020) Systems modeling. In: Ahmed M (ed) Systems Modeling. Springer, Singapore, pp 1–44
Ahmed M, Fayyaz-ul-Hassan, Ahmad S (2017) Climate variability impact on rice production: adaptation and mitigation strategies. In: Ahmed M, Stockle C (eds) Quantification of climate variability, adaptation and mitigation for agricultural sustainability. Springer, Cham, pp 91–111
Ahmed M, Ahmad S, Raza MA, Kumar U, Ansar M, Shah GA, Parsons D, Hoogenboom G, Palosuo T, Seidel S (2020a) Models calibration and evaluation. In: Ahmed M (ed) Systems Modeling. Springer, Singapore, pp 151–178
Ahmed M, Ahmad S, Waldrip HM, Ramin M, Raza MA (2020b) Whole farm modeling: a systems approach to understanding and managing livestock for greenhouse gas mitigation, economic viability and environmental quality. In: Waldrip HM, Pagliari PH, He Z (eds) Animal manure. ASA special publication 67. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 345–371
Akram M (2009) Aromatic rice’s of Pakistan. Pak J Agric Sci 22(3–4):154–160
Akram R, Turan V, Hammad HM, Ahmad S, Hussain S, Hasnain A, Maqbool MM, Rehmani MIA, Rasool A, Masood N, Mahmood F, Mubeen M, Sultana SR, Fahad S, Amanet K, Saleem M, Abbas Y, Akhtar HM, Hussain S, Waseem F, Murtaza R, Amin A, Zahoor SA, Sami ul Din M, Nasim W (2018) Fate of organic and inorganic pollutants in paddy soils. In: Hashmi MZ, Varma A (eds) Environmental pollution of Paddy soils. Springer, Cham, pp 197–214
Akram R, Fahad S, Masood N, Rasool A, Ijaz M, Ihsan MZ, Maqbool MM, Ahmad S, Hussain S, Ahmed M, Kaleem S, Sultana SR, Mubeen M, Saud S, Kamran M, Nasim W (2019) Plant growth and morphological changes in rice under abiotic stress. In: Hasanuzzaman M, Fujita M, Nahar K, Biswas JK (eds) Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Woodhead Publishing, pp 69–85
Anacleto R, Cuevas RP, Jimenez R, Llorente C, Nissila E, Henry R, Sreenivasulu N (2015) Prospects of breeding high-quality rice using post-genomic tools. Theor Appl Genet 128:1449–1466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-015-2537-6
Atique-ur-Rehman M, Farooq A, Rashid F, Nadeem S, Stürz FA, Bel RW (2018) Boron nutrition of rice in different production systems. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 38:25
Bao J (2019) Rice starch. In: Bao J (ed) Rice (fourth edition) chemistry and technology. AACC International Press, Pages, pp 55–108
Bhattacharya KR (2011a) Introduction: rice in historical and social perspectives. In: Bhattacharya KR (ed) Rice quality, Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition. Elsevier Science, pp 1–25
Bhattacharya KR (2011b) Milling quality of rice. In: Bhattacharya KR (ed) Rice quality, Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition. Elsevier Science, pp 61–99
Bhattacharya KR (2011c) Degree of milling (DM) of rice and its effect. In: Bhattacharya KR (ed) Rice quality, Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition. Elsevier Science, pp 100–115
Bhattacharya KR (2011d) Cooking quality of rice. In: Bhattacharya KR (ed) Rice quality, Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition. Elsevier Science, pp 164–192
Bhattacharya KR (2011e) Eating quality of rice. In: Bhattacharya KR (ed) Rice quality, Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition. Elsevier Science, pp 193–246
Bhattacharya KR (2011f) Effect of parboiling on rice quality. In: Bhattacharya KR (ed) Rice quality, Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition. Elsevier Science, pp 247–297
Bhattacharya KR (2011g) Nutritional quality of rice. In: Bhattacharya KR (ed) Rice quality, Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition. Elsevier Science, pp 377–409
Biliaderis CG, Page CM, Maurice TJ, Juliano BO (1986) Thermal characterization of rice starches: polymeric approach to phase transition of granular starch. J Agric Food Chem 34:6–24
Buttery RG, Ling LC, Juliano BO (1982) 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: an important aroma component of cooked rice. Chem Ind 23:958–959
Champagne ET, Bett KL, Vinyard BT, McClung AM, Barton FE II, Moldenhauer K, Linscombe S, Mckenzie K (1999) Correlation between cooked rice texture and rapid visco analyses measurements. Cereal Chem 76:764–771
Chen S, Wu J, Yang Y, Shi W, Xu M (2006) The fgr gene responsible for rice fragrance was restricted within 69 kb. Plant Sci 171:505–514
Custodio MC, Cuevas RP, Ynion J, Laborte AG, Velasco ML, Demont M (2019) Rice quality: how is it defined by consumers, industry, food scientists, and geneticists? Trends Food Sci Tech 92:122–137
Czerny M, Christlbauer M, Christlbauer M, Fischer A, Granvogl M, Hammer M, Hartl C, Hernandez NM, Schieberle P (2008) Re-investigation on odor thresholds of key food aroma compounds and development of an aroma language based on odor qualities of defined aqueous odorant solutions. Eur Food Res Technol 228:265–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-008-0931-x
Dang JMC, Bason ML (2014) AACCI approved methods technical committee report: collaborative study on a method for determining the gelatinization temperature of milled rice flour using the rapid visco analyser. Cereal Foods World 59:31–34
Delwiche SR, Bean MM, Miller RE, Webb BD, Williams PC (1995) Apparent amylose content of milled rice by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Cereal Chem 72:182–187
Dharmarathna WR, Weerakoon SB, Rathnayaka UR, Herath S (2012) Variation of irrigated rice yield under the climate change scenarios. In: SAITM research symposium on engineering advancements, pp 31–34
Dona AC, Pages G, Gilbert RG, Gaborieau M, Kuchel PW (2009) Kinetics of in vitro digestion of starches monitored by time-resolved 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Biomacromolecules 10:638–644
Fahad S, Noor M, Adnan M, Khan MA, Rahman I, Alam M, Khan IA, Ullah H, Mian IA, Hassan S, Saud S, Bakhat HF, Hammad HM, Ahmad S, Nasim W (2019) Abiotic stress and rice grain quality. In: Hasanuzzaman M, Fujita M, Nahar K, Biswas JK (eds) Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Woodhead Publishing, pp 571–583
Fatima Z, Ahmad M, Hussain M, Abbas G, Ul-Allah S, Ahmad S, Ahmed N, Ali MA, Sarwar G, Ehsan ul Haque, Iqbal P, Hussain S (2020) The fingerprints of climate warming on cereal crops phenology and adaptation options. Sci Rep 10:18013
Fitzgerald MA, Resurreccion AP (2009) Maintaining the yield of edible rice in a warming world. FPB 36:1037–1045
Fitzgerald MA, Hamilton NRS, Calingacion MN, Verhoeven HA, Butardo VM (2008) Is there a second fragrance gene in rice? Plant Biotechnol J 6:416–423
Grimm CC, Bergman CJ, Delgado JT, Bryant RJ (2001) Screening for 2- acetyl-1-pyrroline in the headspace of rice using SPME/GC-MS. J Agric Food Chem 49:245–249. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0008902
Hafeez-ur-Rehman, Nawaz A, Awan MI, Ijaz M, Hussain M, Ahmad S, Farooq M (2019) Direct seeding in rice: problems and prospects. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops, volume 1: production technologies. Springer, Singapore, pp 199–222
Hansen TH, Laursen KH, Persson DP, Pedas P, Husted S, Schjoerring JK (2009) Microscaled high-throughput digestion of plant tissue samples for multi-elemental analysis. Plant Methods 5:12
Hussain M, Ahmad S, Hussain S, Lal R, Ul-Allah S, Nawaz A (2018) Rice in saline soils: physiology, biochemistry, genetics and management. Adv Agron 148:231–287
Jane JL, Chen JF (1992) Effect of amylose molecular size and amylopectin branch chain length on paste properties of starch. Cereal Chem 69:60–65
Kawakatsu T, Takaiwa F (2019) Rice proteins and essential amino acids. In: Bao J (ed) Rice (fourth edition) chemistry and technology. AACC International Press, Pages, pp 109–130
Khan MA, Ahmad S, Raza A (2019a) Integrated weed management for agronomic crops. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops, vol 2. Springer, Singapore, pp 257–281
Khan SM, Ali S, Nawaz A, Bukhari SAH, Ejaz S, Ahmad S (2019b) Integrated pest and disease management for better agronomic crop production. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops, vol 2. Springer, Singapore, pp 385–428
Kim J, Shon J, Lee CK, Yang W, Yoon Y, Yang WH, Kim YG, Lee BW (2011) Relationship between grain filling duration and leaf senescence of temperate rice under high temperature. Field Crop Res 122:207–213
Kobayashi N, Nishimura O (2014) Availability of detection frequency method using three-port gas chromatography-olfactometry for rapid comparison of whole milk powders. Food Sci Technol Res 20:809–814. https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.20.809
Lapchareonsuk R, Sirisomboon P (2015) Sensory quality evaluation of rice using visible and shortwave near-infrared spectroscopy. Int J Food Prop 18:1128–1138
Liu J, Chen J, Zheng X, Wu F, Lin Q, Heng Y, Tian P, Cheng Z, Yu X, Zhou K, Zhang X, Guo X, Wang J, Wang H, Wan J (2017) GW5 acts in the brassinosteroid signalling pathway to regulate grain width and weight in rice. Nat Plants 3:17043
Mackill DJ, Coffman WR, Garrity DP (1996) Rainfed lowland rice improvement. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, p 242
Mantovani V, Galeotti F, Maccari F, Volpi N (2018) Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis separation of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Electrophoresis 39:179–189
McKenzie KS, Rutger JN (1983) Genetic analysis of amylose content, alkali spreading score, and grain dimensions in rice. Crop Sci 23:306–311
Mohammed AR, Tarpley L (2009) Impact of high nighttime temperature on respiration, membrane stability, antioxidant capacity, and yield of rice plants. Crop Sci 49:313–322
Naz S, Fatima Z, Iqbal P, Khan A, Zakir I, Noreen S, Younis H, Abbas G, Ahmad S (2019) Agronomic crops: types and uses. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops. Volume 1: production technologies. Springer, Singapore, pp 1–18
Okada M, Iizumi T, Hayashi Y, Yokozawa M (2011) Projecting climate change impacts both on rice quality and yield in Japan. J Agric Meteorol 67(4):285–295. https://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.67.4.10
Paraskevopoulou A, Amvrosiadou S, Biliaderis CG, Kiosseoglou V (2014) Mixed whey protein isolate-egg yolk or yolk plasma heat-set gels: rheological and volatile compounds characterisation. Food Res Int 62:492–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.056
Peerzada AM, Bukhari SAH, Dawood M, Nawaz A, Ahmad S, Adkins S (2019) Weed management for healthy crop production. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops, vol 2. Springer, Singapore, pp 225–256
Razaq M, Shah FM, Ahmad S, Afzal M (2019) Pest management for agronomic crops. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops, vol 2. Springer, Singapore, pp 365–384
Sarwar N, Ali H, Ahmad S, Ehsan Ullah, Ahmad S, Mubeen K, Hill JE (2013a) Water wise rice cultivation on calcareous soil with the addition of essential micronutrients. J Anim Plant Sci 23(1):244–250
Sarwar N, Ali H, Maqsood M, Ehsan Ullah, Shahzad AN, Shahzad M, Mubeen K, Shahid MA, Ahmad S (2013b) Phenological response of rice plants to different micronutrients application under water saving paddy fields on calcareous soil. Turk J Field Crops 18(1):52–57
Shahzad AN, Ahmad S (2019) Tools and techniques for nitrogen management in cereals. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops, vol 2. Springer, Singapore, pp 111–126
Shao Y, Bao J (2019) Rice phenolics and other natural products. In: Bao J (ed) Rice (fourth edition) chemistry and technology. AACC International Press, Pages, pp 221–271
Sharma N, Khanna R (2019) Rice grain quality: current developments and future prospects. In: Shah F, Khan Z, Iqbal A, Turan M, Olgun M (eds) Recent advances in grain crops research rice. Intech Open. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89367
Tariq M, Ahmed M, Iqbal P, Fatima Z, Ahmad S (2020) Crop phenotyping. In: Ahmed M (ed) Systems Modeling. Springer, Singapore, pp 45–60
Villareal CP, De La Cruz NM, Juliano BO (1994) Rice amylose analysis by near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy. Cereal Chem 71:292–296
Wakte K, Zanan R, Hinge V, Khandagale K, Nadaf A, Henry RJ (2017) Thirtythree years of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a principal basmati aroma compound in scented rice (Oryza sativa L.): a status review. J Sci Food Agric 97:384–395. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7875
Wang HL, Wan XY, Bi JC, Wang JK, Jiang L, Chen LM, Zhai HQ, Wan JM (2006) Quantitative analysis of fat content in rice by near-infrared spectroscopy technique. Cereal Chem 83:402–406
Wasaya A, Yasir TA, Ijaz M, Ahmad S (2019) Tillage effects on agronomic crop production. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops, vol 2. Springer, Singapore, pp 73–99
Wei X, Huang X (2019) Origin, taxonomy, and phylogenetics of rice. In: Bao J (ed) Rice (fourth edition) chemistry and technology. AACC International Press, pp 1–29
Wheal MS, Fowles TO, Palmer LT (2011) A cost-effective acid digestion method using closed polypropylene tubes for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis of plant essential elements. Anal Methods 3:2854–2863
Zahoor SA, Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Wajid A, Khaliq T, Mubeen M, Hussain S, Sami Ul Din M, Amin A, Awais M, Nasim W (2019) Improving water use efficiency in agronomic crop production. In: Hasanuzzaman M (ed) Agronomic crops, vol 2. Springer, Singapore, pp 13–29
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Iqbal, M.M. et al. (2022). Rice Grain Quality. In: Sarwar, N., Atique-ur-Rehman, Ahmad, S., Hasanuzzaman, M. (eds) Modern Techniques of Rice Crop Production . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4955-4_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4955-4_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-4954-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-4955-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)