Skip to main content

Account of Some Important Edible Medicinal Plants and Their Socio-Economic Importance

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Edible Plants in Health and Diseases

Abstract

Plants are incredibly significant in the lives of people around the world. People rely on plants to satisfy basic human needs like food, clothing, shelter, and health care. Because of a rising world population, increasing wages, and urbanization, these needs are growing rapidly. Of course, plants provide food directly and often feed livestock that is then eaten on their own. The value of plants is likely to become fairer among countries as world economies become more accessible and market-oriented through trade agreements such as those from the World Trade Organization. The socio-economic significance of such an understanding of plants is defined in this chapter by providing evidence of the multiple benefits of plant breeding in and beyond agriculture based on reproducible findings and scientific evidence for arable crops.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abad-García B, Garmón-Lobato S, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Vicente F (2012) On line characterization of 58 phenolic compounds in Citrus fruit juices from Spanish cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Talanta 99:213–224

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abenavoli L, Capasso R, Milic N, Capasso F (2010) Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future. Phytother Res 24:1423–1432

    Google Scholar 

  • Abuja PM, Murkovic M, Pfannhauser W (1998) Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) extract in low-density lipoprotein oxidation. J Agric Food Chem 46(10):4091–4096

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adaramoye O, Ogungbenro B, Anyaegbu O, Fafunso M (2008) Protective effects of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Hibiscus sabdariffa and vitamin C against radiation-induced liver damage in rats. J Radiat Res 49(2):123–131

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adisakwattana S, Ruengsamran T, Kampa P, Sompong W (2012) In vitro inhibitory effects of plant-based foods and their combinations on intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. BMC Complement Altern Med 12(1):110

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadi M, Rad AK, Rajaei Z, Mohammadian N, Tabasi NS (2012) Alcea rosea root extract as a preventive and curative agent in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 44:304

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajiboye TO, Salawu NA, Yakubu MT, Oladiji AT, Akanji MA, Okogn JI (2011) Antioxidant and drug detoxification potentials of Hibiscus sabdariffa anthocyanin extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 34(2):109–115

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akhmadieva A, Zaichkina SI, Ruzieva RK, Ganassi EE (1992) The protective action of a natural preparation of anthocyan (pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside). Radiobiologiia 33:433–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali MK, Ashraf A, Biswas NN, Karmakar UK, Afroz Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao S (2011) Development and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of hibiscus emulgel. Int J Ayurvedic Herbal Med 9(6):626–631

    Google Scholar 

  • AlSnafi AE (2017) Chemical contents and medical importance of Dianthus caryophyllus—a review. ISOR J Pharm 7(3):61–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alwan H, Ismael S, Alwan A (2009) The suppressing effect of rhus coriaria extracts’on bacteria causative of acute urinary infection, 60. Mustansiriyya University, Baghdad, pp 757–764

    Google Scholar 

  • American Hemerocallis Society (2008) Point scale standards for judging daylilies

    Google Scholar 

  • Ammar NM, El-Kashoury ESA, El-Kassem LTA, El-Hakeem REA (2013) Evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant potential of A. rosea cultivated in Egypt. J Arab Soc Med Res 8:48

    Google Scholar 

  • Amorim JL, Simas DLR, Pinheiro MMG, Moreno DSA, Alviano CS, Da Silva AJR, Fernandes PD (2016) Anti-inflammatory properties and chemical characterization of the essential oils of four Citrus species. PLoS One 11:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Anita DT, Anupam DT, Brajakishore SC, Sanjoy SN, Manabendra DC (2018) Traditional usage of ethnomedicinal plants in treating liver disorders at Manipur, North East India. Eur J Med Plants 23:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Anjula P, Pradheep K, Rita G (2014) Chinese Chives (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel): a home garden species or a commercial crop in India. Genet Resour Crop Evol 61:1433–1440

    Google Scholar 

  • Ankita S, Kaur P, Gupta R (2012) Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assay of various seeds extracts of Cucurbitaceae Family. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol 3:401–409

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2008) Area & production of different horticultural crops in Mizoram up to 2008. Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Mizoram, Aizawl, pp 3–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Arambewela L, Wijesinghe A (2006) Sri Lankan medicinal plant monographs and analysis—Alpinia galangal, vol 10. National Science Foundation, Colombo

    Google Scholar 

  • Armanini D, Fiore C, Mattarello MJ, Bielenberg J, Palermo M (2002) History of the endocrine effects of licorice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 110(6):257–261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ashalata D, Rakshit K, Sarania B, Adi, Apatani, Monpa, Nyishi Community (2014) Ethnobotanical notes on Allium species of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Indian J Tradit Knowl 13:606–612

    Google Scholar 

  • Asolkar LV, Kakkar KK, Chakre OJ (1992) Second supplement of glossary of Indian medicinal plants with active principles, part I (AK). NISCAIR, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Astin JA, Pelletier KA, Marie A, Haskell WL (2000) Wl: complementary and alternative medicine use among elderly persons: one year analysis of Blue Shield medicare supplement. J Gerontol 55:M4–M9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atherton P (1997) The essential Aloe vera: the actions and the evidence, 2nd edn. Mill Enterprises, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Atherton P (1998) Aloe vera revisited. Br J Phytother 4:76–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson MD, Atkinson E (2002) Sambucus nigra L. J Ecol 90(5):895–923

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayati Z, Amiri MS, Ramezani M, Delshad E, Sahebkar A, Emami SA (2018) Current pharmaceutical design. Benthem Sci 35(24):4101–4124

    Google Scholar 

  • Azaz AD, Irtem HA, Kurkcuoǧlu M, Can Baser KH (2004) Composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of some Thymus species. Z Naturforsch C 59:75–80

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Badescu L, Badulescu O, Badescu M, Ciocoiu M (2012) Mechanism by Sambucus nigra extract improves bone mineral density in experimental diabetes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:848269

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bahmani M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Jeloudari M, Eftekhari Z, Delfan B, Zargaran A, Forouzan S (2014) A review of the health effects and uses of drugs of plant licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) in Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 4:S847–S849

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahmani M, Abaszadeh A, Rafieian-kopaei M, Naghdi, N (2016) A review of the most important native medicinal plants of Iran effective on diarrhea 9:1294–1304

    Google Scholar 

  • Baily LH, Bailey EZ (1976) Hortus third. Macmillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Baser KHC (1995) Essential oils from aromatic plants which are used as herbal tea in Turkey. Flavours, fragrance and essential oils. In: Proceedings of the İstanbul: AREP, vol 13, pp 67–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Baser KH, Demirci B, Iscan G et al (2006) The essential oil constituents and antimicrobial activity of Anthemis aciphylla BoiSS. var. discoidea BOISS. Chem Pharm Bull 54:222–225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett IB, Pannowitz DL, Barnetson RS (1990) A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. Med J Aust 153:455–458

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bean P (2002) The use of alternative medicine in the treatment of hepatitis C. Am Clin Lab 21(4):19–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Behera SK, Panda A, Behera SK, Misra MK (2006) Medicinal plants used by the Kandhas of Kandhamal District of Orissa. Indian J Tradit Knowl 5:519–528

    Google Scholar 

  • Benini C, Danflous JP, Wathelet JP, Du Jardin P, Fauconnier ML (2010) Ylang-ylang [Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson]: an unknown essential oil plant in an endangered sector. Biotechnol Agron Soc Environ 14:693–705

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia H, Pal Sharma Y, Manhas RK, Kumar K (2015) Traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in district Udhampur, J&K, India. J Ethnopharmacol 160:202–210

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biswas PK (2006) Encyclopaedia of medicinal plants, vol II. Dominant Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Boerth J, Strong KM (2002) The clinical utility of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) in cirrhosis of the liver. J Herb Pharmacother 2(2):11–17

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bor JY, Chen HY, Yen GC (2006) Evaluation of antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production of some common vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 54:1680–1686

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bosley C, Smith J, Baratti P (2003) A phase III trial comparing an anionic phospholipid-based (APP) cream and aloe vera-based gel in the prevention and treatment of radiation dermatitis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57:S4–S38

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkill IH (1966) A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula, vol II. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, pp 1327–1332

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnham T, Wickersham R, Novak K (2002) Hibiscus for hypertension & blood lipids. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmeli E, Fogelman Y (2009) Antioxidant effect of polyphenolic glabridin on LDL oxidation. Toxicol Ind Health 25(4–5):321–324

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carvajal-Zarrabal O, Waliszewski SM, Barradas-Dermitz DM, Orta-Flores Z, Hayward-Jones PM, Nolasco-Hipolito C et al (2005) The consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa dried calyx ethanolic extract reduced lipid profile in rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 60(4):153–159

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chakotiya AS, Tanwar A, Narula A, Sharma RK (2016) Alternative to antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra on membrane permeability and inhibition of efflux activity and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its in vitro time-kill activity. Microb Pathog 98:98–105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chakravarty HL (1982) Fascicles of flora of India. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta

    Google Scholar 

  • Chanchal D, Swarnlata S (2009) Herbal photoprotective formulations and their evaluation. Open Nat Prod J 2:71–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra S, Rawat DS, Chandra D, Rastogi J (2016) Nativity, phytochemistry, ethnobotany and pharmacology of Dianthus caryophyllus. Res J Med Plant 10(1):1–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charaf J (2017) Socio-economic impact study of natural rose

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan, Johnson BS, Davi E (2009) Germination, emergence and dormancy of Mimosa pudica. Weed Biol Manage 9(1):38–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Chichioco-Hernandez CL, Paguigan ND (2010) Phytochemical profile of selected Philippine plants used to treat asthma. Pharmacogn J 2:198–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho SM, Shimizu M, Lee CJ, Han DS, Jung CK, Jo JH, Kim YM (2010) Hypnotic effects and binding studies for GABAA and 5-HT2C receptors of traditional medicinal plants used in Asia for insomnia. J Ethnopharmacol 132(1):225–232

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choi UK, Lee OH, Yim JH, Cho C-W, Rhee YK, Lim SI, Kim YC (2010) Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root and leaf on cholesterol-fed rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 11(1):67–78

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Handa KL, Kapoor LD (1958) Indigenous drugs of India, 2nd edn. UN Dhur and Sons Private Ltd, Calcutta, p 502

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrubasik C, Duke RK, Chrubasik S (2006) The evidence for clinical efficacy of rose hip and seed: a systematic review. Phytother Res 20(1):1–3

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chudiwal AK, Jain DP, Somani RS (2010) Alpinia galanga Willd—an overview on phytopharmacological properties. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 1:143–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciocoiu M, Badescu M, Badulescu O, Badescu L (2016) The beneficial effects on blood pressure, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress of Sambucus nigra extract associated with renin inhibitors. Pharm Biol 54(12):1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Clement YN, Baksh-Comeau YS, Seaforth CE (2015) An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Trinidad. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 11:1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Corchete P (2008) Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. The source of Silymarin. In: Bioactive molecules and medicinal plants, pp 123–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Coupe SA, Taylor JE, Roberts JA (1995) Characterisation of an mRNA encoding a metallothionein-like protein that accumulates during ethylene-promoted abscission of Sambucus nigra L. leaflets. Planta 197(3):442–447

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crescenti A, Puiggros F, Colome A, Poch J, Caimari A, Bas J et al (2015) Efecto antiurolitiásico de una formulación de las plantas Herniaria glabra, Agropyron repens, Equisetum arvense y Sambucus nigra (Herbensurina®) en un modelo experimental de nefrolitiasis en ratas. Arch Esp Urol 68(10):739–749

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crotteau CA, Wright ST, Eglash A (2006) Clinical inquiries; what is the best treatment for infants with colic? J Fam Pract 55:634–636

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Czygan F-C, Wichtl M (2002) Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka: ein Handbuch für die Praxis auf wissenschaftlicher Grundlage. Wiss. Verl.-Ges, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Damle M (2014) Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice)—a potent medicinal herb. Int J Herb Med 2(2):132–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Damtie D, Mekonnen Y (2016) Thymus species in Ethiopia: distribution, medicinal value, economic benefit, current status and threatening factors. Ethiopian J Sci Technol 8(2):81

    Google Scholar 

  • Daryani A, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Sharif M, Ahmadpour E, Edalatian S, Esboei BR et al (2015) Chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Sambucus nigra. Rev Biol Trop 63(1):7–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis RH (1997) Aloe vera: a scientific approach. Vantage Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawidowicz AL, Wianowska D, Baraniak B (2006) The antioxidant properties of alcoholic extracts from Sambucus nigra L. (antioxidant properties of extracts). LWT-Food Sci Technol 39(3):308–315

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deno NC (1993) Summary of data arranged by genera in seed germination theory and practice, 2nd edn. Author, State College, p 132

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhingra D, Sharma A (2006) Antidepressant-like activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in mouse models of immobility tests. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 30(3):449–454

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dickel ML, Rates SM, Ritter MR (2007) Plants popularly used for loosing weight purposes in Porto Alegre, South Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 109(1):60–71

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Din N (2011) Inventory and identification of plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Douala Town (Cameroon). Eur J Med Plants 1(3):60–73

    Google Scholar 

  • El Mansouri L, Ennabili A, Bousta D (2011) Socioeconomic interest and valorization of medicinal plants from the Rissani oasis (SE of Morocco). Bol Latinoam Caribe Plant Med Aromat 10:30–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Engindeniz S (2004) The economic analysis of growing greenhouse cucumber with soilless culture system: the case of Turkey. J Sustain Agric 23:5–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Engindeniz S, Gül A (2009) Economic analysis of soilless and soil-based greenhouse cucumber production in Turkey. Scientia Agricola 66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162009000500004

  • ESCOP (2007) ESCOP monographs: the Scientific Foundation for herbal medicinal products. The European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy in Collaboration with Georg Thieme

    Google Scholar 

  • Eslaminejad T, Zakaria M (2011) Morphological characteristics and pathogenicity of fungi associated with Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) diseases in Penang Malaysia. Microb Pathog 51(5):325–337

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Esser LL (1993) Taraxacum officinale. In: Fire Effects Information System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer)

    Google Scholar 

  • European Pharmacopoeia (EP) (2011) European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines Healthcare (EDQM): volumes 1 and 2, supplements 1 and 2, 7th edn. Council of Europe, Strasbourg

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahamiya N, Shiffa M, Aslam M (2016) A comprehensive review on A. rosea Linn. J Pharm Res 6:6888–6894

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falade OS, Otemuyiwa IO, Oladipo A, Oyedapo OO, Akinpelu BA, Adewusi SR (2005) The chemical composition and membrane stability activity of some herbs used in local therapy for anemia. J Ethnopharmacol 102(1):15–22

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fenig E, Nordenberg J, Beery E, Sulkes J, Wasserman L (2004) Combined effect of aloe-emodin and chemotherapeutic agents on the proliferation of an adherent variant cell line of Merkel cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 11:213–217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finn CE, Thomas AL, Byers PL, Serçe S (2008) Evaluation of American (Sambucus canadensis) and European (S. nigra) Elderberry genotypes grown in diverse environments and implications for cultivar development. HortScience 43(5):1385–1391

    Google Scholar 

  • Flora K, Hahn M, Rosen H, Benner K (1998) Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 93:139–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Forster HB, Niklas H, Lutz S (1980) Antispasmodic effects of some medicinal plants. Planta Med 40:309–319

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Förster-Waldl E, Marchetti M, Schöll I, Focke M, Radauer C, Kinaciyan T et al (2003) Type I allergy to elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is elicited by a 33.2 kDa allergen with significant homology to ribosomal inactivating proteins. Clin Exp Allergy 33(12):1703–1710

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster S, Duke JA (1990) Rosa rugosa Thunb. In: Medicinal plants. Houghton Mifflin, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraunfelder FW (2004) Am J Ophthalmol 138(4):639–648

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fullerton M, Khatiwada J, Johnson JU, Davis S, Williams LL (2011) Determination of antimicrobial activity of Sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on Esherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from food, veterinary, and clinical samples. J Med Food 14(9):950–956

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fulton J (1990) The stimulation of postdermabrasion wound healing with stabilized aloe vera gel-polyethylene oxide dressing. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 16:460–467

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furukawa F, Nishikawa A, Chihara T, Shimpo K, Beppu H, Kuzuya H et al (2002) Chemopreventive effects of Aloe arborescens on N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in hamsters. Cancer Lett 178:117–122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Q, Li XB, Sun J, Xia ED, Tang F, Cao HQ, Xun H (2018) Isolation and identification of new chemical constituents from Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) and toxicological evaluation of raw and cooked Chinese chive. Food Chem Toxicol 112:400–411

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • García-Salas P, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Guerra-Hernández E, García-Villanova B, Fernández-Gutiérrez A (2013) Influence of technological processes on phenolic compounds, organic acids, furanic derivatives, and antioxidant activity of whole-lemon powder. Food Chem 141:869–878

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garnick JJ, Singh B, Winkley G (1998) Effectiveness of a medicament containing silicon dioxide, aloe, and allantoin on aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 86:550–556

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaya IB, Mohammad OMA, Suleiman AM, Maje MI, Adekunle AB (2009) Unconventional oilseeds and oil sources. Internet J Endocrinol 5(2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gholizadeh B, Alijanpour A, Ghanbari S (2018) Quantitative evaluation and economic effects of Sumac fruit harvesting (Rhus coriaria L.) on horand rural household income, East Azarbaijan. For Wood Prod 71(2):127–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Gochev V, Wlcek K, Buchbauer G (2008) Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity and composition of rose oils from various geographic origins, in particular Bulgarian rose oil. Nat Prod Commun 3:1063–1068

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goetz P (2014) Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. (Rutacées). Citronnier. Phytotherapie 12:116–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodrich KR (2012) Floralscentin Annonaceae. Bot J Linnean Soc 169:262–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Goransson U, Svangard E, Claeson P, Bohlin L (2004) Novel strategies for isolation and characterization of cyclotides: the discovery of bioactive macrocyclic plant polypeptides in the Violaceae. Curr Protein Pept Sci 5:317–329

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gregorio-Jauregui KM, Carrizalez-Alvarez SA, Rivera-Salinas JE, Saade H, Martinez JL, López RG et al (2014) Chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Sambucus nigra. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172(8):3721–3735

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grieve M (1984) A modern herbal. Tiger Books International, London, pp 506–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulia SK, Singh BP, Carter J, Griesbach RJ (2009) Daylily: botany, propagation, breeding, vol 35. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nation, Rome, p 193

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulmez M, Oral N, Vatansever L (2006) The effect of water extract of sumac (rhus coriaria L.) and lactic acid on decontamination and shelf life of raw broiler wings. Poult Sci 85:1466–1471

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta OP, Singh S, Bani S, Sharma N, Malhotra S, Gupta BD, Banerjee SK, Handa SS (2000) Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of Silymarin acting through inhibition of 5-lipooxygenase. Phytomedicine 7(1):21–24

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta VK, Fatima A, Faridi U, Negi AS, Shanker K, Kumar JK, Khanuja SPS (2008) Antimicrobial potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. J Ethnopharmacol 116(2):377–380

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hajiaghamohammadi AA, Ziaee A, Samimi R (2012) The efficacy of licorice root extract in decreasing transaminase activities in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 26(9):1381–1384

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halder RM, Richards GM (2004) Topical agents used in the management of hyperpigmentation. Skin Ther Lett 9(6):1–3

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdan D, Ashour ML, Mulyaningsih S, El-Shazly A, Wink M (2013) Chemical composition of the essential oils of variegated pink-fleshed lemon (Citrus x limon L. Burm. f.) and their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Zeitschrift fur Naturforsch.-Sect. C JBiosci 68:275–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen HV, Christensen KI (2009) The common chamomile and the scentless may weed revisited. Taxon 58:261–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi H, Ishikawa H, Mizutani K, Tamura Y, Kinoshita T (1998) Antioxidative and superoxide scavenging activities of retrochalcones in Glycyrrhiza inflata. Bioorgan Med Chem 6(3):339–347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harokopakis E, Albzreh MH, Haase EM, Scannapieco FA, Hajishengallis G (2006) Inhibition of proinflammatory activities of major periodontal pathogens by aqueous extracts from elder flower (Sambucus nigra). J Periodontal 77(2):271–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasanein P (2011) Glabridin as a major active isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) reverses learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats. Acta Physiol Hung 98(2):221–230

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi H, Tamura S, Chiba R, Fujii I, Yoshikawa N, Fattokhov I, Saidov M (2016) Field survey of Glycyrrhiza plants in Central Asia (4). Characterization of G. glabra and G. bucharica collected in Tajikistan. Biol Pharm Bull 39(11):1781–1786

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes SM (1999) Lichen planus: a report of successful treatment with aloe. Gen Dent 47:268–272

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hearst C, McCollum G, Nelson D, Ballard LM, Millar BC, Goldsmith CE et al (2010) J Med Plants Res 4(17):1805–1809

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellinger R, Koehbach J, Fedchuk H, Sauer B, Huber R, Gruber CW, Gründemann C (2014) Immunosuppressive activity of an aqueous Viola tricolor herbal extract. J Ethnopharmacol 151(1):299–306

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrera M, Herrera A, Ariño A (2009) Estimation of dietary intake of ochratoxin A from liquorice confectionery. Food Chem Toxicol 47(8):2002–2006

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrera-Arellano A, Flores-Romero S, Chávez-Soto MA, Tortoriello J (2004) Effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a controlled and randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine 11(5):375–382

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hickman GW, Klonsky K (1993) Greenhouse cucumbers-bag culture: cost of production and equipment in San Joaquin Valley. University of California, Stockton

    Google Scholar 

  • Hidayati SN, Baskin JM, Baskin CC (2000) Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two North American and one Eurasian species of Sambucus (Caprifoliaceae) with underdeveloped spatulate embryos. Am J Bot 87(11):1669–1678

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hnamte V, Gopichand B, Lalnunmawia F (2013) Study on economic feasibility of intercropping of lemon (Citrus limon Burm) with vegetables in the hilly terrain of Mizoram

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann KM, Beltrán L, Ziemba PM, Hatt H, Gisselmann G (2016) Potentiating effect of glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra on GABAA receptors. Biochem Biophys Rep 6:197–202

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Holdsworth DK (1990) Traditional medicinal plants of Rarotonga, Cook Islands part I. Pharm Biol 28(3):209–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Holdsworth DK, Corbett L (1988) Traditional medicinal plants of the north solomons province, Papua new guinea part II. Pharm Biol 26(1):45–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Hou DX, Tong X, Terahara N, Luo D, Fujii M (2005) Medicinal plants: use in prevention and treatment of diseases. Arch Biochem Biophys 440(1):101–109

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh MJ, Chen MK, Chen CJ, Hsieh MC, Lo YS, Chuang YC, Yang SF (2016) Glabridin induces apoptosis and autophagy through JNK1/2 pathway in human hepatoma cells. Phytomedicine 23(4):359–366

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang BL, Yu LZ, Liu SX (2006) Effects of chives roots juice on SOD and MDA in gastric mucous membrane of rats with stomach ulcer induced by reserpine. J Xianning College 3:7

    Google Scholar 

  • Huo HZ, Wang B, Liang YK, Bao YY, Gu Y (2011) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of licorice extract against CCl(4)-induced oxidative damage in rats. Int J Mol Sci 12(10):6529–6543

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hutter JA, Salmon M, Stavinoha WB, Satsangi N, Williams RF, Streeper RT et al (1996) Anti-inflammatory C-glucosyl chromone from Aloe barbadensis. J Nat Prod 59:541–543

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikram M, Fazal S (1978) Compendium of medicinal plants. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Peshawar

    Google Scholar 

  • Imahori Y, Suzuki Y, Uemura K, Kishioka I, Fujiwara H, Ueda Y, Chachin K (2004) Physiological and quality responses of Chinese chive leaves to low oxygen atmosphere. Postharvest Biol Technol 31:295–303

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Innark P, Khanobdee J, Samipak S, Jantasuriyarat C (2013) Evaluation of genetic diversity in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germplasms using agro-economic traits and microsatellite markers. Sci Horticult 162:10–1016

    Google Scholar 

  • Inuwa I, Ali BH, Al-Lawati I, Beegam S, Ziada A, Blunden G (2012) Long-term ingestion of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract enhances myocardial capillarization in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 237(5):563–569

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishii Y, Tanizawa H, Takino Y (1994) Studies of aloe. V: mechanism of cathartic effect. Biol Pharm Bull 17:651–653

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ismail A, Ikram EHK, Nazri HSM (2008) Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds nutritional composition protein quality and health benefits. Food 2(1):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain S, Srivastava S (2005) Traditional uses of some Indian plants among islanders of the Indian Ocean. Indian J Tradit Knowl 4(4):345–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarzycka A, Lewińska A, Gancarz R, Wilk KA (2013) Assessment of extracts of Helichrysum arenarium, Crataegus monogyna, Sambucus nigra in photoprotective UVA and UVB; photostability in cosmetic emulsions. J Photochem Photobiol B 128:50–57

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang F, Li Y, Mu J, Hu C, Zhou M, Wang X, Li Z (2016) Glabridin inhibits cancer stem cell-like properties of human breast cancer cells: an epigenetic regulation of miR-148a/SMAd2 signaling. Mol Carcinog 55(5):929–940

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin Z, Kim S, Cho S, Kim IH, Han D, Jin YH (2013) Potentiating effect of glabridin on GABAA receptor-mediated responses in dorsal raphe neurons. Planta Medica 79(15):1408–1412

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jirawan O (2005) Effects of the Zingiberaceae spice extracts on growth and morphological changes of foodborne pathogens. Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology Suranaree University of Technology 974-533-463-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson VJ, He Q, Osuchowski MF, Sharma RP (2003) Physiological responses of a natural antioxidant flavonoid mixture, Silymarin, in BALB/c mice: III. Silymarin inhibits T lymphocyte function at low doses but stimulate inflammatory processes at high doses. Planta Med 69(1):44–49

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen U, Hansen M, Christensen LP, Jensen K, Kaack K (2000) Olfactory and quantitative analysis of aroma compounds in elder flower (Sambucus nigra L.) drink processed from five cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 48(6):2376–2383

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaack K, Austed T (1998) Chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Sambucus nigra. Plant Food Hum Nutr 52(3):187–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao ES, Hsu JD, Wang CJ, Yang SH, Cheng SY, Lee HJ (2009) Enhancing the viability of Rosella seeds (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) through tetrazolium and paper media test. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 73(2):385–390

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katarzyna AS, Joanna T (2016) Yielding and biological value of Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum Rottl. Ex Spreng.) depending on the type of Mulch. J Elementol 21:7–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato A, Minoshima Y, Yamamoto J, Adachi I, Watson A, Nash RJ (2008) Protective effects of dietary chamomile tea on diabetic complications. J Agric Food Chem 56:8206–8211

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan I, Abd-Ur-Rehman, Awan SA, Aslam S, Mursalin M et al (2016) Importance of ethnomedicinal flora of Sarai Alamgir (boundary side of river Jhelum) District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Med Aromat Plants 5:264

    Google Scholar 

  • Khare CP (2007) Indian medicinal plants an illustrated dictionary. Heidelberg Publication, Delhi, p 40

    Google Scholar 

  • Khory RK (1981) Materia medica of India and their theraoeutic. Neeraj Publishing House, Delhi, p 647

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim SH, Park MJ (2012) Effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development. Korean J Pediatr 55(8):265–271

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim J, Jayaprakasha GK, Uckoo RM, Patil BS (2012) Evaluation of chemopreventive and cytotoxic effect of lemon seed extracts on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Food Chem Toxicol 50:423–430

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (1987) Indian Medicinal plants, vol 1. International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun, pp 297–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (1996) Indian medicinal plants. International Book Distributors, Deraduhun

    Google Scholar 

  • Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Szopa A, Ekiert H (2020) Citrus limon (Lemon) phenomenon—a review of the chemistry, pharmacological properties, applications in the modern pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries, and biotechnological studies. Plants (Basel) 9(1):119

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight P, Coker C, Fain GB, Pollard A, Coggins P (2004) Consumer preferences for edible daylilies. Southern Nurs Assoc Res Conf 49:499–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Komaki A, Hoseini F, Shahidi S, Baharlouei N (2016) Study of the effect of extract of Thymus vulgaris on anxiety in male rats. J Tradit Complement Med 6:257–261

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar BS, Hemalatha T, Deepachitra R, Raghavan RN, Prabu P, Sastry TP (2015) Biphasic calcium phosphate-casein bone graft fortified with Cassia occidentalis for bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Bull Mater Sci 38:259–266

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lady JGM, Nanette HNS, Henry IR, Ma Reina SBM (2014) Medicinal plants of the Subanens in Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. In: International conference on food, biological and medical sciences, pp 38–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Laikangbam R, Damayanti Devi M (2012) Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal deposition on kidneys of urolithiatic rats by Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract. Urol Res 40(3):211–218

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lakshmi SM, Nagasree YB, Sreelekha K, Madhavi N, Reddy CS (2012) Aphrodisiac agents from medicinal plants: an ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review. J Pharm Res 5:845–848

    Google Scholar 

  • Langmead L, Feakins M, Goldthorpe S, Holt H, Tsironi E, De Silva A et al (2004) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral aloe vera gel for active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 19:739–747

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lans CA (2006) Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2:45

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lay-Yee M, Stead AD, Reid MS (1992) Flower senescence in daylily (Hemerocallis). Physiol Plantarum:308–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Finn CEJ (2007) Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics in American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and European elderberry (S. nigra) cultivars. Sci Food Agric 87(14):2665–2675

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CS, Kim YJ, Lee MS, Han ES, Lee SJ (2008) 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptotic cell death in SiHa cells and exhibits a synergistic effect against antibiotic anti-cancer drug toxicity. Life Sci 83(13–14):481–489

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leung AY, Foster S (1996) Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs and cosmetics, 2nd edn. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim TK (2012) Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu K, Pi F, Zhang H, Ji J, Xia S, Cui F, Sun X (2017) Metabolomics analysis to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols: glabridin reversed metabolism change caused by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. J Agric Food Chem 65(29):6070–6079

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lo CW, Huang HP, Lin HM, Chien CT, Wang CJ (2007) Mol Nutr Food Res 51(12):1452–1460

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mabberley DJ (2004) Citrus (Rutaceae): a review of recent advances in etymology, systematics and medical applications. Blumea J Plant Taxon Plant Geogr 49:481–498

    Google Scholar 

  • Malhotra S, Singh AP (2003) Medicinal properties of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Nat Prod Radiance 2(6):296–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallik J, Akhter R (2012) Phytochemical screening and in-vitro evaluation of reducing power. cytotoxicity and anti-fungal activities of ethanol extracts of Cucumis sativus. Int J Pharm Biol Arch 3(3):555–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Manganelli RU, Zaccaro L, Tomei P (2005) Pharmacological effects of Saccharum officinarum L. J Ethnopharmacol 98(3):323–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann C, Staba EJ (1986) Herbs, spices and medicinal plants: recent advances in botany. In: Horticulture and pharmacology. Oryx Press, Phoenix, pp 235–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannerand HI, Elevitch CR (2006) Canangaodorata (ylang-ylang), Species profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry

    Google Scholar 

  • Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR (1995) Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomedicine 2(2):137–189

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maroyi A (2009) Traditional homegardens and rural livelihoods in Nhema, Zimbabwe: a sustainable agroforestry system. Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol 16:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall JM (1990) Aloe vera gel: what is the evidence?. Pharma Jr 24:360–362

    Google Scholar 

  • McCaleb R (2000) Hibiscus production manual. Herb Research Foundation, Boulder

    Google Scholar 

  • McCauley RL, Heggers JP, Robson MC (1990) Frostbite: methods to minimize tissue loss. Postgrad Med 88(67–8):73–77

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A (1997) American Herbal Prc Association ñ Botanical Safety Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 518–521

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay DL, Blumberg JB (2000) A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita l.). Phytother Res 20:519–530

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz JF Jr, Trotter CE (1963) Marketing floricultural products in the northeast. Part I growers. Cornell Univ Agr Exp Sta Bul 980

    Google Scholar 

  • Mhaskar KS, Blatter E, Caius JF (2000) Kirtikar and Basu’s Indian medicinal plants. Indian Book Centre, Delhi, pp 407–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaelis M, Geiler J, Naczk P, Sithisarn P, Leutz A, Doerr HW, Cinatl J (2011) Glycyrrhizin exerts antioxidative effects in H5N1 influenza a virus-infected cells and inhibits virus replication and pro-inflammatory gene expression. PLoS One 6(5):e19705

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Millet F (2014) Huiles essentielles et essence de citronnier (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.). Phytotherapie 12:89–97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miraj S (2016) A systematic review on the Heracleum persicum effect and efficacy profiles. Environ Monit Assess 188(6):320

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadsadeghi S, Malekpour A, Zahedi S, Eskandari F (2013) The antimicrobial activity of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extract against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and yeast. Res J Appl Sci 8(4):240–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Montaner JS, Gill J, Singer J (1996) Double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial of acemannan in advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syn Hum Retrovirol 12:153–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon GS, Ryu BM, Lee MJ (2003) Components and antioxidative activities of buchu (Chinese chives) harvested at different times. Korean J Food Sci Technol 35:493–498

    Google Scholar 

  • Mossalam HH, Aty OAAE, Morgan EN, Youssaf SMS, Mackay AMH (2011) Hibiscus sabdariffa L—a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Life Sci J 8(5):561–574

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee PK, Nema NK, Bhadra S, Mukherjee D, Braga FC, Matsabisa MG (2014) Immunomodulatory leads from medicinal plants. NISCAIR-CSIR, New Delhi, pp 235–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukhopadhyay M, Panja P (2008) A novel process for extraction of natural sweetener from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots. Sep Purif Technol 63(3):539–545

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munson RW Jr (1989) Hernerocallis, the daylily. Timber Press, Portland

    Google Scholar 

  • Murali R, Saravanan R (2012) Antidiabetic effect of d-limonene, a monoterpene in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Prev Nutr 2:269–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Murdock GP (1959) Africa, its peoples and their culture history. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Muthumani P, Meera R, Devi P, Koduri LV, Manavarthi S, Badmanaban R (2010) Phytochemical investigation and enzyme inhibitory activity of Mimosa pudica Linn. J Chem Pharm Res:2108–2114

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadkarni KM (1989) Indian materia medica, vol I. Popular Prakashan, Bombay

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanda S, Das PK (2015) Medicinal efficacy of rose plant: a mini review. PharmaTutor 3(10):23–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nandwani D, Calvo JA, Tenorio J, Calvo F, Manglona L (2008) Medicinal plants and traditional knowledge in the northern Mariana Islands. J Appl Biosci 8(2):323–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Nerya O, Vaya J, Musa R, Izrael S, Ben-Arie R, Tamir S (2003) Glabrene and isoliquiritigenin as tyrosinase inhibitors from licorice roots. J Agric Food Chem 51(5):1201–1207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neuwinger H (2000) African traditional medicine: a dictionary of plant use and applications. Medpharm Scientific Publication, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Newton DJ, Vaughan H (1996) South Africa’s Aloe ferox plant, parts and derivatives industry. Traffic East/Southern Africa, South African National Office, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen-Pouplin J, Tran H, Tran H et al (2007) Antimalarial and cytotoxic activities of ethnopharmacologically selected medicinal plants from South Vietnam. J Ethnopharmacol 109(3):417–427

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nikolic M, Glamoclija J, Ferreira I, Calhelha R, Fernandes A, Marković T, Marković D, Giweli A, Soković M (2013) Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of Thymus serpyllum L. Thymus algeriensis Boiss. and Reut and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils. Ind Crops Prod 52:183–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Nsimba-Lubaki M, Peumans WJ (1986) Seasonal fluctuations of lectins in barks of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Plant Physiol 80(3):747–751

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nwaiwu NE, Mshelia F, Raufu IA (2012) Antimicrobila activites of crude extracts of moringa oleifera, hibiscus sabdariffa and hibiscus esculentus seeds against some enterobacteria. J Appl Phytotechnol Environ Sanitation 1(1):11–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochani PC, D’Mello P (2009) Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. leaves and calyces extracts in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 47(4):276–282

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozguven M, Tansi S (1998) Drug yield and essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. as in influenced by ecological and ontogenetical variation. Turk J Agric Forest 22:537–542

    Google Scholar 

  • Padmavathy A, Gopalsamy P (2013) Role of agro-forestry on organic and conventional farmers’ livelihood in Bahour, Puducherry-India. Int J Agric Sci 2:2167–2447

    Google Scholar 

  • Pal P, Datta S, Basnett H, Shrestha B, Mohanty JP (2015) Phytochemical analysis of the whole plant of Mimosa pudica (Linn.). UJPSR 1(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Papp N, Bartha S, Boris G, Balogh L (2011) Traditional uses of medicinal plants for respiratory diseases in Transylvania. Nat Prod Commun 6:1459–1460

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parhiz H, Roohbakhsh A, Soltani F, Rezaee R, Iranshahi M (2015) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin: an updated review of their molecular mechanisms and experimental models. Phytother Res 29:323–331

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parle M, Dhingra D, Kulkarni SK (2004) Memory-strengthening activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in exteroceptive and interoceptive behavioral models. J Med Food 7(4):462–466

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patil K, Kandhare A, Bhise D (2012) Effect of aqueous extract of Cucumis sativus Linn. fruit in ulcerative colitis in laboratory animals. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2:962–969

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulsen E, Korsholm L, Brandrup F (2005) A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a commercial Aloe vera gel in the treatment of slight to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19:326–331

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peña D, Montes de Oca N, Rojas S (2006) Anti-in ammatory and anti-diarrheic activity of Isocarpha cubana Blake. Pharmacol Online 3:744–749

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepping J (1999) Milk thistle: Silybum marianum. Am J Health Syst Pharm 56:1195–1197

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez Arbeláez E (1996) Plantas útiles de Colombia, 5a Ed Bogotá: Fondo FEN Colombia, DAMA Jardín Botánico de Bogotá José Celestino Mutis, p 831

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Torres I, Ruiz-Ramirez A, Banos G, El-Hafidi M (2012) Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 11(1):25–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Perna A, Simonetti A, Grassi G, Gambacorta E (2018) Effect of αS1-casein genotype on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in goat milk yogurt fortified with Rhus coriara leaf powder. J Dairy Sci 101:7691–7701

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perry LM (1980) Medicinal plants of east and southeast Asia. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Plotto A (2004) Hibiscus: post-production management for improved market access. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Post-White J, Ladas EJ, Kelly KM (2007) Advances in the use of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Integr Cancer Ther 6(2):104–109

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pounders C, Garton S (1996) High frequency adventitious regeneration in daylily tissue culture stimulated by thidiazuron (TDZ). Southern Nurs Assoc Proc 41:243–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Prendergast HDV, Dennis F (1997) Superior merits of a troublesome weed—elder in the 1990s. British Wildlife 8:281–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Primrose Wilson (personal communication, April 28, 2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pullaiah T (2006) Encyclopaedia of world medicinal plants, vol 1. Reagency Publication, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnik P, Gabrić D, Roohinejad S, Barba FJ, Granato D, Mallikarjunan K, Lorenzo JM, Kovačević DB (2019) An overview of organosulfur compounds from Allium spp.: from processing and preservation to evaluation of their bioavailability, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Food Chem 276:680–691

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R.S. (2000) McCaleb Herb Research Fondation

    Google Scholar 

  • Rackova L, Jancinova V, Petrikova M, Drabikova K, Nosal R, Stefek M, Kovácová M (2007) Mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of liquorice extract and glycyrrhizin. Nat Prod Res 21(14):1234–1241

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman M (2003) Science World: Veshog Udvider Rokomfer (in Bangla). Professor’s Prokashon, Dhaka, p 46

    Google Scholar 

  • Raimondo S, Naselli F, Fontana S, Monteleone F, Lo Dico A, Saieva L, Zito G, Flugy A, Manno M, Di Bella MA (2015) Citrus limon-derived nanovesicles inhibit cancer cell proliferation and suppress CML xenograft growth by inducing TRAIL-mediated cell death. Oncotarget 6:19514–19527

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramesh KV, Garima S, Pradeep S, Jha KK, Khose RL (2011) Alpinia galanga—an important medicinal plant: a review. Der Pharm Sin 2(1):142–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Rang HP, Dale MM (2007) Pharmacology, vol 6, 6th edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 502–503. 16

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravindran PN, Divakaran M (2012) Sumac. In: Peter KV (ed) Handbook of herbs and spices, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 583–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayne S, Mazza G (2007) Biological activities of extracts from Sumac: a review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 62(4):165–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rimkiene S, Ragazinskiene O, Savickiene N (2003) The cumulation of Wild pansy (Viola tricolor L.) accessions: the possibility of species preservation and usage in medicine. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 39:411–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzato G, Scalabrin E, Radaelli M, Capodaglio G, Piccolo O (2017) A new exploration of licorice metabolome. Food Chem 221:959–968

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ro JY, Lee B, Kim JY, Chung Y, Chung MH, Lee SK et al (2000) Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component (Alprogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast cells activated with specific antigen-antibody reactions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 292:114–121

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rolo A, Weisgerber H, Schutt P, Lang UM, Stimm B (2012) Enzyklopa ̈die Der Holzgewa ̈chse: Handbuch Und Atlas Der Dendrologie. Wiley-VCH, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Saedi N, Crawford GH (2006) Botanical briefs: ylang-ylang oil—extracts from the tree Cananga odorata. Cutis 77(3):149–150

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Ghoreishi MR (2003) The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel. J Dermatol Treat 14(3):153–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai H, Misawa M (2005) Effect of sodium azulene sulfonate on capsaicin-induced pharyngitis in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 96:54–55

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Salamon I, Sudimakova I (2007) Quality of chamomile teas—essential oil content and its composition. Acta Horticult 749:181–186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salih YG, Gurbuz Y (2015) Sumac (rhus coriaria L.) and ginger (zingiber officinale) as feed additive in poultry nutrition. KSU J Nat Sci 18:44–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Saraswat R, Pokharkar R (2012) GC-MS studies of Mimosa pudica. Int J PharmTech Res 4(1):93–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayago-Ayerdi SG, Arranz S, Serrano J, Goni I (2007) Hibiscus sabdariffa L—a phytochemical and pharmacological review. J Agric Food Chem 55(19):7886–7890

    Google Scholar 

  • Scharfetter R (1953) Biographien von Pflanzensippen. Springer, Wien

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmelzer GH, Gurib-Fakim A (2006) PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa/Resources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale). Wageningen, Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopke T, Hasan Agha MI, Kraft R, Otto A, Hiller K (1993) Haemolytisch aktive komponenten aus Viola tricolor L. und Viola arvensis Murray. Sci Pharm 61:145–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Schutz K, Carle R, Schieber A (2006) Taraxacum—a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. J Ethnopharmacol 107(3):313–323

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seeley JG (1956) The carnation industry in Pennsylvania . Pennsylvania Flower Growers Bul 63

    Google Scholar 

  • Serkedjieva J, Manolova N, Zgórniak-Nowosielska I, Zawilińska B, Grzybek J (1990) Antiviral activity of the infusion (SHS-174) from flowers of Sambucus nigra L., aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L., and roots of Saponaria officinalis L. against influenza and herpes simplex viruses. Phytother Res 4(3):97–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah NC (2014) Status of cultivated & wild Allium species in India: a review. Sci Tech J 1:28–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Shahidi-Noghabi S, Van Damme EJ, Smagghe G (2009) Expression of Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA-I’) from elderberry bark in transgenic tobacco plants results in enhanced resistance to different insect species. Transgenic Res 18(2):249–259

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shahriari S, Yasa N, Mohammadirad A, Khorasani R, Abdollahi M (2006) In vivo antioxidant potentials of Rosa damascena petal extract from Guilan, Iran, comparable to a-tocopherol. Int J Pharmacol 3:187–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma G, Kar S, Palit S, Das PK (2012a) 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis through modulation of Akt/FOXO3a/Bim pathway in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. J Cell Physiol 227(5):1923–1931

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Dwivedi J, Paliwal S (2012b) Evaluation of antacid and carminative properties of Cucumis sativus under simulated conditions. Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre 4(1):234–239

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharmin R, Khan MR, Akhtar MA, Islam A, Anisuzzaman ASM, Ahmed M (2013) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Cucumber, white pumpkin and ridge gourd in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Sci Res 5:161–170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shehata AM, El Menoufy GA (2008) Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—a phytochemical and pharmacological review. J Drug Res Egypt 29(1):1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelton M (1991) Aloe vera, its chemical and therapeutic properties. Int J Dermatol 30:679–683

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidhu MP, Saini M, Sidhu C, Saini P (2012) Silybum marianum: a plant of high medicinal importance—a review. World J Pharm Res 1(2):72–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva TD (1997) Industrial utilization of medicinal plants in developing countries. Nonwood forest products-11, medicinal plants for forest conservation and health care. FAO, Rome, p 34

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh V, Pal A, Darokar MP (2015) A polyphenolic flavonoid glabridin: oxidative stress response in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Free Radical Biol Med 87:48–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinhg MP, Panda H (2005) Medicinal herbs with their formulation. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, p 73

    Google Scholar 

  • Siracusa L, Saija A, Cristani M, Cimino F, D’Arrigo M, Trombetta D, Ruberto G (2011) Phytocomplexes from liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) leaves—chemical characterization and evaluation of their antioxidant, anti-genotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity. Fitoterapia 82(4):546–556

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Somjen D, Katzburg S, Vaya J, Kaye AM, Hendel D, Posner GH, Tamir S (2004) Estrogenic activity of glabridin and glabrene from licorice roots on human osteoblasts and prepubertal rat skeletal tissues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 91(4–5):241–246

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Song M, Hou D, Ma Y, Zhang S, Yang S (2017) Study on winter thermal insulation effect of multi-layer plastic shed in Wushan, Gansu. Chin VegeTable 11:57–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenbichler J, Goldberg M, Hane L, Madubunyi I, Vogl S, Zetl I (1986) Stimulatory effect of silibinin on DNA synthesis in partially hepatectomized rat livers: non-response in hepatoma and other malign cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 35:538–541

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soufy H, Yassein S, Ahmed AR, Khodier MH, Kutkat MA, Nasr SM, Okda FA (2012) Antiviral and immune stimulant activities of glycyrrhizin against duck hepatitis virus. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 9(3):389–395

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava JK, Gupta S (2010) Chamomile: a herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Rep 3(6):895–901

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahl-Biskup E, Saez F (2002) Thyme. Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Su K, Mehta V, Ravikumar L, Shah R, Pinto H, Halpern J et al (2004) Phase II double-blind randomized study comparing oral aloe vera versus placebo to prevent radiation-related mucositis in patients with head-and-neck neoplasms. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60:71–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Susan MA (2010) University of Wisconsin-Madison, Master Gardener Program, Garlic chives, Allium tuberosum

    Google Scholar 

  • Syed TA, Ahmad SA, Holt AH, Ahmad SH, Afzal M (1996a) Management of psoriasis with Aloe vera extract in a hydrophilic cream: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Trop Med Int Health 1:505–509

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Syed TA, Cheema KM, Ahmad SA, Ashfaq A (1996b) Aloe vera extract 0.5% in hydrophilic cream versus aloe vera gel for the measurement of genital herpes in males: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study. J Eur Acad Derm Venereol 7:294–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Syed TA, Afzal M, Ashfaq AS (1997) Management of genital herpes in men with 0.5% Aloe vera extract in a hydrophilic cream A placebo-controlled double-blind study. J Derm Treatment 8:99–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamir S, Eizenberg M, Somjen D, Stern N, Shelach R, Kaye A, Vaya J (2000) Estrogenic and antiproliferative properties of glabridin from licorice in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 60(20):5704–5709

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tamir S, Eizenberg M, Somjen D, Izrael S, Vaya J (2001) Estrogen-like activity of glabrene and other constituents isolated from licorice root. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 78(3):291–298

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanq X, Olatunji OJ, Zhou Y, Hou X (2017) In vitro and in vivo aphrodisiac properties of the seed extract from Allium tuberosum on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation and sexual behavior parameters in male Wistar rats. BMC Complement Alternat Med 17:510

    Google Scholar 

  • The Plant List (2019). http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-296861. Accessed 16 Jan 2019

  • The Wealth of India (1985) A dictionary of Indian raw materials & industrial products: raw materials, vol 2. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, pp 196–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas DR, Goode PS, LaMaster K, Tennyson T (1998) Acemannan hydrogel dressing for pressure ulcers: a randomized, controlled trial. Adv Wound Care 11:273–276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thuy et al (2002) Effect of drying on essential oil and colour of Alpinia galanga. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants 5(3):162–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinitana F, Rios M, Romero-Benavides JC, de la Cruz M, de Santayana MP (2016) Medicinal plants sold at traditional markets in southern Ecuador. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0100-4

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi KD (2008) Essentials of medical pharmacology. Jaypee Brothers Med 6:185

    Google Scholar 

  • Tung NH, Shoyama Y, Wada M, Tanaka H (2014) Improved in vitro fertilization ability of mouse sperm caused by the addition of licorice extract to the preincubation medium. Open Reprod Sci J 6:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler V (1993) The honest herbal: a sensible guide to the use of herbs and related remedies, 3rd edn. Pharmaceutical Products Press, Binghamton

    Google Scholar 

  • Tzouramani I, Liontakis A, Sintori A, Alexopoulos G (2014) Assessing organic cherry farmers’ strategies under different policy options. Mod Econ 05:313–323

    Google Scholar 

  • U. S. D. A. (1966) Statistical reporting service Sp Cr 6-1: 66

    Google Scholar 

  • Umar IA, Maryoms NG, Daikwo E, Gidado A, Buratai LB, Igbokwe LO et al (2009) The effect of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Sorrel) calyces on haematological profile and organ pathological changes in Trypanasoma congolense-infected rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 6(4):585–591

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vardy AD, Cohen AD, Tchetov T (1999) A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Aloe vera (A. barbadensis) emulsion in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. J Derm Treatment 10:7–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Veberic R, Jakopic J, Stampar F, Schmitzer V (2009) European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) rich in sugars, organic acids, anthocyanins and selected polyphenols. Food Chem 114(2):511–515

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visuthikosol V, Chowchuen B, Sukwanarat Y, Sriurairatana S, Boonpucknavig V (1995) Effect of aloe vera gel to healing of burn wound a clinical and historic study. J Med Assoc Thai 78:403–409

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vukics V, Kery A, Bonn GK, Guttman A (2008a) Major flavonoid components of heartsease (Viola tricolor L.) and their antioxidant activities. Anal Bioanal Chem 390:1917–1925a

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vukics V, Kery A, Guttman A (2008b) Analysis of polar antioxidants in Heartsease (Viola tricolor L.) and Garden pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.). J Chromatogr Sci 46:823–827b

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CN (2012) Effect of Melaleuca leucadendron, Cananga odorata and Pogostemon cablin oil odors on human physiological responses. Wood Res 2:100

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang SC, Lee SF, Wang CJ, Lee CH, Lee WC, Lee HJ (2011) Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2011:938126

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Yang R, Yuan B, Liu Y, Liu C (2015) The antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice, a widely-used Chinese herb. Acta Pharm Sin B 5(4):310–315

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (1999) Monographs on selected medicinal plants, vol 1. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB (2016) The physiological effects of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in type 2 diabetes. Rev Diabetic Stud 13(2–3):113–131

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xavier SM, Barbosa CO, Barros DO, Silva RF, Oliveira AA, Freitas RM (2007) Vitamin C antioxidant effects in hippocampus of adult Wistar rats after seizures and status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine. Neurosci. Lett 420:76–79

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao XY, Hao M, Yang XY, Ba Q, Li M, Ni SJ, du X (2011) Licochalcone A inhibits growth of gastric cancer cells by arresting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. Cancer Lett 302(1):69–75

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xin CL, Ligang Z, Qiyong L, Zhi LL (2015) Laboratory evaluation of larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Allium tuberosum roots and its selected major constituent compounds against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 52:437–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Li S (2015) Dandelion extracts protect human skin fibroblasts from UVB damage and cellular senescence. Oxid Med Cell Longevity 2015:619560

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang R, Yuan BC, Ma YS, Zhou S, Liu Y (2017) The anti-inflammatory activity of licorice, a widely used Chinese herb. Pharm Biol 55(1):5–18

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yashaswini S, Hegde R, Venugopal C (2011) Health and nutrition from ornamentals. Int J Res Ayur Pharm 2:375–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasui S, Fujiwara K, Tawada A, Fukuda Y, Nakano M, Yokosuka O (2011) Efficacy of intravenous glycyrrhizin in the early stage of acute onset autoimmune hepatitis. Digest Dis Sci 56(12):3638–3647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yawalkar KS (1985) Cucurbitaceous or vine crops. In: Vegetable crops of India. Agric-Horticultural Publishing House, Nagpur, pp 150–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS (2003) Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:1277–1294

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yilangai RM, Manu SA, Pineau W, Mailumo SS, Okeke-Agulu KI (2014) Effect of biochar and crop veil on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus Mill) in Jos, North central Nigeria. Curr Agric Res J 2(1):37–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Yilangai R, Pineau W, Kambai C (2015) Socioeconomic status of vegetable farmers in three rural communities of Jos, North-Central Nigeria. IOSR J Agric Vet Sci (IOSR-JAVS) 8:69–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin X, Gong X, Zhang L, Jiang R, Kuang G, Wang B, Wan J (2017) Glycyrrhetinic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in d-galactosamine-sensitized mice by up-regulating expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-M. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 320:8–16

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu SJ, Cho IA, Kang KR, Jung YR, Cho SS, Yoon G, Kim JS (2017) Licochalcone-E induces caspase-dependent death of human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells through the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 13(5):3662–3668

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf M, Chowdhury JU, Wahab MA, Begum J (1994) Medicinal plants of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, pp 1–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Zakay-Rones Z, Varsano N, Zlotnik M, Manor O, Regev L, Schlesinger M et al (1995) Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B Panama. J Altern Complement Med 1(4):361–369

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YJ, Cichewicz RH, Nair MG (2004) Lipid peroxidation inhibitory compounds from daylily (Hemerocallis fulva)leaves. Life Sci 75:753–763

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang WN, Zhang HL, Lu CQ, Luo JP, Zha XQ (2016) A new kinetic model of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Chinese chive. Food Chem 212:274–281

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adil Farooq Wali .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wali, A.F., Jabnoun, S., Razmpoor, M., Najeeb, F., Shalabi, H., Akbar, I. (2022). Account of Some Important Edible Medicinal Plants and Their Socio-Economic Importance. In: Masoodi, M.H., Rehman, M.U. (eds) Edible Plants in Health and Diseases . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4880-9_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics