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UV Stress Responses in Cyanobacteria

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Ecophysiology and Biochemistry of Cyanobacteria

Abstract

Cyanobacteria are the oldest group of prokaryotes with oxygen-evolving photosynthesis. They are supposed to have evolved in an atmosphere with little or no oxygen and therefore no protecting stratospheric ozone layer. Since cyanobacteria have to utilize sunlight for photosynthesis, they are simultaneously exposed to deleterious solar UV radiation. In order to survive, they had to develop countermeasures. One strategy is fast reproduction in order to make up for losses due to radiation damage. Another mechanism is mat and crust formation, which protects the organisms in lower levels while sacrificing the ones in the top layer. Vertical migration in the water column using changing buoyancy helps to bring the organisms out of the danger zone. Likewise, gliding cyanobacteria have been found to move to a position deeper in the water to avoid excessive UV exposure. Efficient repair mechanisms have been developed to replace damaged proteins in the photosynthetic apparatus and to repair damage in the cellular DNA. Many cyanobacteria synthesize UV-absorbing pigments such as mycosporine-like amino acids and scytonemin, deposited in the outer cell layers or extracellularly, which absorb UV photons before they can damage vital biomolecules within the cell.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Emeritus of Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany

    Donat P. Häder

  2. Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, New Delhi, India

    Rajesh P. Rastogi

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  2. Rajesh P. Rastogi
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Correspondence to Donat P. Häder .

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  1. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Rajesh Prasad Rastogi

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Häder, D.P., Rastogi, R.P. (2021). UV Stress Responses in Cyanobacteria. In: Rastogi, R.P. (eds) Ecophysiology and Biochemistry of Cyanobacteria. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4873-1_6

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