Abstract
The coastal regions across the globe are more densely populated; this effect could be endorsed to urban development including the infrastructure for ports, inland waterways, trade and commerce, tourism, fisheries, hub for power plants, etc. Owing to the growing population demands many residential, industrial and commercial units have been constructed in the close vicinity/proximity of the shoreline. The developmental activities across the shore mandate the construction of facilities that promote industrial growth such as fishing harbours, ports, jetties, training walls, quays and wharfs as well as facilities for tourism development such as surfing friendly seabed slopes, added beach width for recreational activities and establishment of beach resorts, quays and wharfs. Predominant coastal hazards such as coastal flooding, coastal erosion, sea level rise, storm surge and seawater inundation are common threats to sensitive coastal communities. Alongside the prevailing natural causes of melting glaciers due to global warming and sea level rise, extreme events such as storms and cyclones; man-made artificial structures in the near shore regions/in between shallow and intermediate water depths can potentially destabilize the shoreline and lead to excessive coastal erosion if not addressed carefully. This paper details the vast experience gained in the field of coastal protection measures along the coastline of India.
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Acknowledgements
The author expresses his sincere to Public works department of Tamilnadu, Harbour Engineering and Irrigation departments of the Government of Kerala and West Bengal Fisheries Corporation for entrusting the responsibility of providing the coastal protection measures discussed in this paper.
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Sundar, V. (2022). Sustainable Hard and Soft Measures for Coastal Protection. In: Reddy, C.N.S., Sassa, S. (eds) Scour- and Erosion-Related Issues. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 177. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4783-3_4
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