Abstract
The traditional subcutaneous insulin administration is painful and discomforting as it requires multiple daily injections. This lead to the expanded research to develop different insulin administration route for better treatment options for diabetes. The pulmonary route of administration proves to have improved patient compliance and rapid absorption of drugs because of rich blood supply and a large surface of lungs. This study aims to evaluate the pulmonary delivery of insulin nanoparticles via the inhalation route. Insulin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by double emulsion method. The lipid phase was prepared by dissolving the Witepsol (W) and Softisan (S) lipids in dichloromethane and the aqueous phase contains tween 80 and sodium deoxycholate solution. The lipid and aqueous phase homogenized together to prepare the insulin nanoparticles. The prepared particles were characterized for their size, zeta potential, size uniformity, encapsulation efficiency, crystallinity and release profile. The size distribution of inhalable particles was demonstrated by 8 stage next generation cascade impactor (NGI). The size of the insulin loaded nanoparticles was in the range of 227.03 ± 4.74 to 325 ± 3.74 nm with a zeta potential of −23.36 ± 0.17 to −33.5 ± 0.75 mV and PDI 0.144 to 0.202. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and Fine Particle Fraction (FPF) of W and WS insulin nanoparticle was 3.13 ± 0.74, 64.86 ± 9.13% and 3.09 ± 0.76, 67.60 ± 8.02% respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of insulin loaded into the nanoparticles was found in between 70 ± 1.09 to 72 ± 1.08%. The surface morphology study by TEM shows the nanoparticles have spherical structure and uniform size distribution. In the release study, the W and WS nanoparticles showed about 10 ± 3.46%, 20 ± 1.60% burst release in 48 h and afterwards sustained and controlled release of 61.90 ± 3.50 and 82.79 ± 10.08 respectively within 10 days’ period. The aerodynamic properties of nanoparticles were found to be appropriate for inhalation delivery via pulmonary route.
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Yadav, P., Yadav, A.B. (2022). Preparation and Optimization of Insulin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Targeted Delivery of Insulin to the Lungs for Diabetes Treatment via Inhalation. In: Krishnapillai, S., R., V., Ha, S.K. (eds) Composite Materials for Extreme Loading . Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4138-1_6
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