Abstract
Salinity is affecting many regions in the world, and common crop plants are not capable of growing under these conditions. First, to introduce new plants to other ecosystems, it is necessary to understand how they perform under salinity conditions. Some plants can grow under high salinity conditions as halophytes. Quinoa, an Andean native crop, is known as a facultative halophyte because can grow up to 18 d S m−1, a high level of salinity, but can tolerate and perform without having a decrease in seed yield and biomass with salinity up to 6 d S m−1.
Quinoa is compared with other plants due to its capacity to withstand saline conditions. Throughout this chapter, the physiological aspects under salinity conditions are depicted and how salinity can affect the absorption of macro- and microelements and high salinity can increase the availability of some elements such as Fe and decrease the availability of microelements. Content of Fe is important in seeds, and that is why quinoa is recommended for marginal, semiarid, and arid regions with soils affected by salinity to grow.
Another advantage of why Quinoa can tolerate salinity is due to particular cells found in the leaves. Roles and functions of epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) located in the leaves are important in quinoa for tolerance to salinity. The EBCs play an important function to quinoa and its environment to regulate tolerance to salinity and high temperature.
At molecular and genetic level, it is discussed the recent genes discovered in quinoa genotypes that make up to quinoa ready to tolerate salinity. The main advantages of quinoa tolerating salinity are due to the huge quinoa gene pool with many genotypes, particularly “Salares” genotypes tolerant to salinity.
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Bosque, H., Rodríguez, J.P. (2021). Physiology of Quinoa in Saline Conditions. In: Varma, A. (eds) Biology and Biotechnology of Quinoa. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3832-9_10
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