Abstract
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) accelerated economic performance and projected growth in recent years requires increasing energy demands across the region. As it plans to reduce energy intensity by 20% by 2020 and 30% by 2025, it is important to realize the of energy efficiency context and optimize its use for the ASEAN energy sector which is now dubbed first fuel rather than hidden fuel or fifth fuel due to its viability in the region.
Some countries in the region, i.e., Malaysia and Thailand, are already stepping up efforts in the development of innovative financing models that combine public and private investments on energy efficiency. Based on common findings, the other countries should also adopt the mechanisms for a smooth transition toward innovative energy efficiency efforts.
The chapter has analyzed sectorial practice & challenges and policy instruments used for energy efficiency management in the ASEAN countries. It has also assessed institutional capacity, financial mechanism, and relevant cases of innovative financing schemes and energy investment mechanisms. Based on the study findings, it is suggested to develop relevant guidelines for project developers and market players specially for revising fossil fuel subsidies. An all-stakeholder contribution, especially private sector participation and an awareness raising campaign for energy investors and general public should be conducted. A transparent and accountable financing, reporting, and verification method should also be followed and successful financing schemes should be replicated in the other ASEAN member states.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas SZ, Kousar A, Razzaq S, Saeed A, Alam M, Mahmood A (2018) Energy management in South Asia. Energy Strategy Rev 21:25–34
ACE (2017a) 5th ASEAN energy outlook. ACE, Jakarta
ACE (2017b) ASEAN ESCO report. ACE, Jakarta
ACE (2019) Mapping of energy efficiency in ASEAN. ACE, Jakarta
ASEAN Center for Energy (ACE) (2015) ASEAN plan of action for energy cooperation (APAEC) 2016–2025. ACE, Jakarta
Asian Development Bank (ADB) (2013) Same energy, more power. ADB, Manila
Asian Development Bank with the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (2009) Energy outlook for Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank with the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, Manila
Brasington L (2018) Power to the people: remote microgrids across Southeast Asia. Clean Tech, 26 July 2018. https://www.cleantech.com/power-to-the-people-remote-microgrids-across-southeast-asia/
Clean Energy Revolving Fund (CERF) (2019) Catalyzing renewable energy adoption by small-scale Cambodian agri-businesses. https://nexusfordevelopment.org/impact-investing/cerf/
Erdiwansyah MR, Sani MSM, Sudakhar K (2019) Renewable energy in Southeast Asia: policies and recommendations. Sci Total Environ 670:1095–1102
ERIA (2016) ERIA annual report 2016. ERIA, Jakarta
Hosier RH, Dowd J (1987) Household fuel choice in Zimbabwe: an empirical test of the energy ladder hypothesis. Resour Energy 9(4):347–361
IEA (2018) Energy efficiency 2018. IEA, Paris
International Energy Agency (IEA) (2017) World energy model: scenario analysis of future energy trends. http://www.iea.org/weo/weomodel/
International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC) (2017) Sector study on environmental services: energy efficiency businesses. IIEC, Singapore
Martinez BE, Ebenhack B, Wagner T (2019) Energy efficiency: concepts and calculations. Elsevier Science
National Cleaner Production Office–Cambodia (2018) Industrial energy efficiency-Cambodia (IEEC). http://www.cambodian-cpc.org/index.php/en/2013-05-08-07-50-13/industrial-energy-efficiency-cambodia-ieec?showall=&start=7
Nexus for Development (2018) Access to finance for climate action across Asia. Nexus for development
Nexus for Development (2019a) Financing renewable energy in South East Asia: insights from practitioners
Nexus for Development (2019b) Nexus for development. Nexus for development’s pioneer facility signs a USD500,000 agreement to support clean water access in rural Cambodia, 9 February 2019. https://nexusfordevelopment.org/blog/nexus-for-developments-pioneer-facility-signs-a-usd500000-agreement-to-support-clean-water-access-in-rural-cambodia/
PRASAC (2018) PRASAC and responsAbility promote green lending in Cambodia, 31 May 2018. https://www.prasac.com.kh/en/news-and-event/prasac-and-responsability-promote-green-lending-in-cambodia
PWC Indonesia (2018) RUPTL 2018–2019, 26 February 2018. https://www.pwc.com/id/en/media-centre/infrastructure-news/february-2018/power-business-plan.html
REEEP (2019) Affordable loans for clean energy in agriculture. The Clean Energy Revolving Fund
Retallack S, Johnson, A, Brunert J, Rasoulinezhad E, Taghizadeh-Hesary F (2018) Energy efficiency finance programs: best practices to leverage private green finance. ADBI working paper 877. Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo https://www.adb.org/publications/energy-efficiency-finance-programs-private-green-finance
Rugova Q (2016) Traditional and emerging models for financing energy efficiency–applicability to the west Balkan region. Balkan Green Energy News, 30 March 2016. https://balkangreenenergynews.com/traditional-and-emerging-models-for-financing-energy-efficiency-applicability-to-the-west-balkan-region/
UN Environment Programme (2017) Annual ASEAN green investment needs to grow 400% to guard against environmental risks, 15 November 2017. https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/press-release/annual-asean-green-investment-needs-grow-400-guard-against
Victor P (2017) ASEAN’s wind energy potential. ASEAN Post, 7 November 2017. https://theaseanpost.com/article/aseans-wind-energy-potential
World Bank (2015) Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS
World Bank (2016) Access to electricity (% of population). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?order=
World Bank (2017a) GDP (current US$). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?display=default&locations=BN
World Bank (2017b) Population, total. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 ADBI
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Liu, Y., Noor, R. (2021). Nexus of Energy Efficiency and Energy Access in ASEAN: Trends and Financing Schemes. In: Liu, Y., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., Yoshino, N. (eds) Energy Efficiency Financing and Market-Based Instruments. Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3599-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3599-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-3598-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-3599-1
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)