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Autophagosomal Membrane Origin and Formation

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Autophagy: Biology and Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1208))

Abstract

Autophagosome formation is a regulated membrane remodeling process, which involves the generation of autophagosomal membrane precursors (vesicles), the assembly of the autophagosomal membrane precursors to form the phagophore, and phagophore elongation to complete the autophagosome. The sources of the autophagosomal membrane precursors are endomembrane compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), ER-exit sites (ERES), and endosomes. In response to stress, these structures are remodeled, to generate the early autophagosomal membrane precursors. The phagophore assembly site (PAS), which mainly localizes on the ER, harbors the site for autophagosomal membrane assembly, elongation, and completion. ATG proteins, membrane remodeling factors, and autophagic membranes follow a precise choreography to complete the overall process. In this chapter, we briefly discuss our current knowledge on the membrane origins of the autophagosome, as well as autophagosomal precursor generation, assembly, and expansion.

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Acknowledgement

The work is funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (JQ20028), National Natural Science Foundation of China (91854114, 31872826), National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0508602), and Tsinghua Independent Research Program (2019Z06QCX02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Yi Yang

  2. School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

    Li Zheng & Liang Ge

  3. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Xiaoxiang Zheng

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  1. Yi Yang
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  2. Li Zheng
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  3. Xiaoxiang Zheng
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  4. Liang Ge
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Correspondence to Yi Yang or Liang Ge .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Zhiping Xie

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Yang, Y., Zheng, L., Zheng, X., Ge, L. (2021). Autophagosomal Membrane Origin and Formation. In: Xie, Z. (eds) Autophagy: Biology and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1208. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2830-6_2

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