Abstract
Sharing economy models at the base of the pyramid (BoP) context faces a range of challenges such as low literacy rate, lack of trust, unavailability of infrastructure, information asymmetry, and potential of unethical behaviors. Such challenges make it difficult for organizations to implement the sharing economy model in the BoP context. In this chapter, we trace the journey of Ethitrade, an organization created to facilitate ethical trade in the BoP context. We collected data from Ethitrade through several rounds of interactions over a year. The interviews were conducted with the organizational members and with key stakeholders of the organization. We found that Ethitrade addresses the challenges of sharing economy at the BoP by leveraging emerging technology. We discuss the implication of our work on theory and practice.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Attri, P., & Bapuji, H. (2021). Digital discrimination in sharing economy at the base of the pyramid. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 209–234). Springer.
Australian Information Industry Association. (2020). 2020 ACT iAwards Winners. https://www.aiia.com.au/iawards/about/2020-winners-and-merit-recipients/2020-act-winners-and-merit-recipients. Assessed 07 Feb 2021.
Belk, R. (2010). Sharing. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(5), 715–734.
Benjaafar, S., & Hu, M. (2020). Operations management in the age of the sharing economy: What is old and what is new? Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 22(1), 93–101.
Benjaafar, S., Kong, G., Li, X., & Courcoubetis, C. (2019). Peer-to-peer product sharing: Implications for ownership, usage, and social welfare in the sharing economy. Management Science, 65(2), 477–493.
Bhatt, B. (2017). The role of social enterprises in building inclusive social capital: Evidences from multi-case, qualitative field study, Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University.
Bhatt, B. (2021, forthcoming). Ethical complexity of social change: Negotiated actions of a social enterprise. Journal of Business Ethics.
Bhatt, B., Qureshi, I., & Riaz, S. (2019). Social entrepreneurship in non-munificent institutional environments and implications for institutional work: Insights from China. Journal of Business Ethics, 154(3), 605–630.
Bhatt, B., Dembek, K., Hota, P. K., & Qureshi, I. (2021). Sharing economy model for the base of the pyramid: An ecosystem approach. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 301–316). Springer.
Botsman, R., & Rogers, R. (2010). What’s mine is yours. In The rise of collaborative consumption. Praeger.
Calo, R., & Rosenblat, A. (2017). The taking economy: Uber, information, and power. Columbia Law Review, 117(6), 1623–1690.
Canberra Innovation Network. (2020, July 1). Fungi for fashion, non-alcoholic beverages, and tracking ethical food funded by the Innovation Connect Grant. https://cbrin.com.au/innovation-connect-grant-2020. Assessed 06 Feb 2021.
Chen, Y., & Wang, L. (2019). Commentary: Marketing and the sharing economy: Digital economy and emerging market challenges. Journal of Marketing, 83(5), 28–31.
Cheng, M. (2016). Sharing economy: A review and agenda for future research. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 57, 60–70.
Chien, D. D. (2019, December 18). Application of blockchain technology in food traceability: The case of dragon fruits in Vietnam. https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1599. Assessed 04 Feb 2021.
Dembek, K., Sivasubramaniam, N., & Chmielewski, D. A. (2020). A systematic review of the bottom/base of the pyramid literature: Cumulative evidence and future directions. Journal of Business Ethics, 165(3), 365–382.
Desa, G., & Basu, S. (2013). Optimization or bricolage? Overcoming resource constraints in global social entrepreneurship. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(1), 26–49.
Doherty, B., Haugh, H., & Lyon, F. (2014). Social enterprises as hybrid organisations: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 16(4), 417–436.
Eckhardt, G. M., Houston, M. B., Jiang, B., Lamberton, C., Rindfleisch, A., & Zervas, G. (2019). Marketing in the sharing economy. Journal of Marketing, 83(5), 5–27.
Edelman, B. G., & Geradin, D. (2016). Efciencies and regulatory shortcuts: How should we regulate companies like Airbnb and Uber? Stanford Technology Law Review, 19(2), 293–328.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550.
Escobedo, M. B., Zheng, Z., & Bhatt, B. (2021). Socially oriented sharing economy platform in regional Australia: A Polanyian analysis. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 49–68). Springer.
Ethitrade. (2018a, May 23). Ethitrade – Powering ethical trade.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAKf7cdqo2M. Assessed 06 Feb 2021.
Ethitrade. (2018b, July 17). Ethitrade – Vietnamese dragon fruit project. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k08KxD5AP-U&t=1s. Assessed 07 Feb 2021.
Ethitrade. (2020a). About us. https://ethitrade.com.au/about/. Assessed 05 Feb 2021.
Ethitrade. (2020b). Dragon fruit export – Project overview. https://ethitrade.com.au/portfolio/vietnam-dragon-fruit-export/. Assessed 06 Feb 2021.
Ethitrade. (2020c). MEDIA. https://ethitrade.com.au/media/. Assessed 07 Feb 2021.
Ethitrade (2020d). Platform benefits. https://ethitrade.com.au/benefits/. Assessed 07 Feb 2021.
Etter, M., Fieseler, C., & Whelan, G. (2017). Sharing economy, sharing responsibility? CSR in the digital economy. Journal of Business Ethics. Special Issue Call for Papers.
Frenken, K., & Schor, J. (2019). Putting the sharing economy into perspective. In A research agenda for sustainable consumption governance. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Guyader, H., & Piscicelli, L. (2019). Business model diversification in the sharing economy: The case of GoMore. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 1059–1069.
Hawlitschek, F., Teubner, T., & Gimpel, H. (2016). Understanding the sharing economy–drivers and impediments for participation in peer-to-peer rental. In 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 4782–4791). IEEE.
Hawlitschek, F., Notheisen, B., & Teubner, T. (2018). The limits of trust-free systems: A literature review on blockchain technology and trust in the sharing economy. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 29, 50–63.
Hossain, M. (2020). Sharing economy: A comprehensive literature review. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102470.
Hota, P. K., & Mitra, S. (2021). Leveraging the power of sharing: The case of a social enterprise at the base of the Pyramid. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 139–160). Springer.
Hota, P. K., Mitra, S., & Qureshi, I. (2019). Adopting bricolage to overcome resource constraints: The case of social enterprises in rural India. Management and Organization Review, 15(2), 371–402.
Hota, P. K., Qiu, S., & Bhatt, B. (2021). Ethitrade: Countering challenges of sharing economy at the base of the pyramid using technology. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 267–282). Springer.
Hurley, C. O. (2018). MSME competitiveness in small island economies: A comparative systematic review of the literature from the past 24 years. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 30(9–10), 1027–1068.
Kelley, S. (2020, December 24). Canberra startup Ethitrade wins Canberra innovation showcase. https://the-riotact.com/canberra-startup-ethitrade-wins-canberra-innovation-showcase/426883. Assessed 04 Feb 2021.
Kistruck, G. M., Webb, J. W., Sutter, C. J., & Ireland, R. D. (2011). Microfranchising in base–of–the–pyramid markets: Institutional challenges and adaptations to the franchise model. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(3), 503–531.
Kistruck, G. M., Beamish, P. W., Qureshi, I., & Sutter, C. J. (2013a). Social intermediation in base-of-the-pyramid markets. Journal of Management Studies, 50(1), 31–66.
Kistruck, G. M., Sutter, C. J., Lount, R. B., Jr., & Smith, B. R. (2013b). Mitigating principal-agent problems in base-of-the-pyramid markets: An identity spillover perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 56(3), 659–682.
Kostamis, D., & Duenyas, I. (2011). Purchasing under asymmetric demand and cost information: When is more private information better? Operations Research, 59(4), 914–928.
Lapowski, I. (2014). What Uber’s Sydney surge pricing debacle says about its public image. WIRED. https://www.wired.com/12/ubersurge-sydney/
Light, A. (2019). Designing the economics of the sharing economy: Towards sustainable management. In Handbook of the sharing economy. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Logue, D., & Grimes, M. (2019). Platforms for the people: Enabling civic crowdfunding through the cultivation of institutional infrastructure. Strategic Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3110
London, T., & Hart, S. L. (2004). Reinventing strategies for emerging markets: Beyond the transnational model. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(5), 350–370.
London, T., Anupindi, R., & Sheth, S. (2010). Creating mutual value: Lessons learned from ventures serving base of the pyramid producers. Journal of Business Research, 63(6), 582–594.
Lutz, C., Hofmann, C. P., Bucher, E., & Fieseler, C. (2017). The role of privacy concerns in the sharing economy. Information, Communication & Society, 21(10), 1472–1492.
Ma, Y., Lan, J., Thornton, T., Mangalagiu, D., & Zhu, D. (2018). Challenges of collaborative governance in the sharing economy: The case of free-floating bike sharing in Shanghai. Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, 356–365.
Mair, J., & Reischauer, G. (2017). Capturing the dynamics of the sharing economy: Institutional research on the plural forms and practices of sharing economy organisations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125, 11–20.
Mannan, M., & Pek, S. (2021). Solidarity in the sharing economy: The role of platform cooperatives at the base of the pyramid. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 235–266). Springer.
McNamara, P., Pazzaglia, F., & Sonpar, K. (2018). Large-scale events as catalysts for creating mutual dependence between social ventures and resource providers. Journal of Management, 44(2), 470–500.
Meijboom, F. L., Visak, T., & Brom, F. W. (2006). From trust to trustworthiness: Why information is not enough in the food sector. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 19(5), 427–442.
Miles, H., Huberman, A., & Saldana, M. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook, 3. Sage.
Mont, O., Palgan, Y. V., Bradley, K., & Zvolska, L. (2020). A decade of the sharing economy: Concepts, users, business and governance perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 269, 122215.
Pandey, M., Bhati, M., Shukla, D. M., & Qureshi, I. (2021). Resourcing and value creation: A case of sharing economy model at the base of the pyramid. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 185–208). Springer.
Parthiban, R., Qureshi, I., Bandyopadhyay, S., Bhatt, B., & Jaikumar, S. (2020). Leveraging ICT to overcome complementary institutional voids: Insights from institutional work by a social enterprise to help marginalised. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(11), 1–21.
Parthiban, R., Qureshi, I., Bandyopadhyay, S., & Jaikumar, S. (2021). Digitally mediated value creation for non-commodity base of the pyramid producers. International Journal of Information Management, 56, 102256.
Phua, V. C. (2019). Perceiving Airbnb as sharing economy: The issue of trust in using Airbnb. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(17), 2051–2055.
Pillai, V., Shukla, D. M., & Qureshi, I. (2021a). Social intermediation using sharing economy in India: A case study of Farmizen. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 93–118). Springer.
Pillai, V., Pandey, M., & Bhatt, B. (2021b). Social sustainability at BOP through building inclusive social capital: A case study of Drishtee. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 283–300). Springer.
Piper, Z. (2018). Introduction of blockchain based platform to verify traceability – The case of dragon fruit supply chain. http://rudec.gov.vn/uploads/imgdetail/files/2_%20APEC%20Connect%20-%20Final%20WS%20-%20Hang%20Chien%20Zoe_ENG.pdf. Assessed 06 Feb 2021.
Piper, Z. (2020). Portfolio: Ethitrade. https://zoepiper.com.au/portfolio/ethitrade/. Assessed 04 Feb 2021.
Prahalad, C. K., & Hart, S. L. (2002). Strategy+ business. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, 26, 2–14.
PwC. (2015). The sharing economy – Sizing the revenue opportunity. From http://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/megatrends/collisions/sharingeconomy/the-sharingeconomy-sizing-the-revenue-opportunity.html
Qiu, S., Xu, Z., & Bhatt, B. (2021). The Sharing economy platforms in rural China: Bridging institutional voids through institutional entrepreneurship. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 69–92). Springer.
Qureshi, I., & Fang, Y. (2011). Socialization in open source software projects: A growth mixture modeling approach. Organizational Research Methods, 14(1), 208–238.
Qureshi, I., Kistruck, G. M., & Bhatt, B. (2016). The enabling and constraining effects of social ties in the process of institutional entrepreneurship. Organisation Studies, 37(3), 425–447.
Qureshi, I., Fang, Y., Haggerty, N., Compeau, D. R., & Zhang, X. (2018a). IT-mediated social interactions and knowledge sharing: Role of competence-based trust and background heterogeneity. Information Systems Journal, 28(5), 929–955.
Qureshi, I., Sutter, C., & Bhatt, B. (2018b). The transformative power of knowledge sharing in settings of poverty and social inequality. Organisation Studies, 39(11), 1575–1599.
Qureshi, I., Bhatt, B., & Shukla, D. M. (2021a). Overview of sharing economy at the base of the pyramid. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 1–24). Springer.
Qureshi, I., Bhatt, B., & Shukla, D. M. (2021b). Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid-research framework and future directions. In I. Qureshi, B. Bhatt, & D. M. Shukla (Eds.), Sharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Opportunity and challenges (pp. 317–328). Springer.
Qureshi, I., Pan, S. L., & Zheng, Y. (2021c). Digital social innovation: An overview and research framework. Information Systems Journal, 31(5), 1–25.
Raghuvanshi, J., Ghosh, P. K., Agrawal, R., & Gupta, H. (2017). Hierarchical structure for enhancing the innovation in the MSME sector of India. International Journal of Business Excellence, 13(2), 181–199.
Riaz, S., & Qureshi, I. (2017). Emergence of a new institutional logic: Shaping the institutionally complex field of community radio in India. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 50, 383–418.
Rizou, M., Galanakis, I. M., Aldawoud, T. M., & Galanakis, C. M. (2020). Safety of foods, food supply chain and environment within the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 102, 293–299.
Roberts, A., & Zietsma, C. (2018). Working for an app: Organisational boundaries, roles, and meaning of work in the “on-demand” economy. In Toward permeable boundaries of organizations? Emerald Publishing Limited.
Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2011). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. Sage.
Sarker, S., Sarker, S., Sahaym, A., & Bjørn-Andersen, N. (2012). Exploring value cocreation in relationships between an ERP vendor and its partners: A revelatory case study. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 317–338.
Schaefers, T., Moser, R., & Narayanamurthy, G. (2018). Access-based services for the base of the pyramid. Journal of Service Research, 21(4), 421–437.
Schor, J. B., & Fitzmaurice, C. J. (2015). Collaborating and connecting: The emergence of the sharing economy. In Handbook of research on sustainable consumption. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Seelos, C., & Mair, J. (2013). Innovate and scale: A tough balancing act. Stanford Social Innovation Review, Summer, 12–14.
Shalini, Manoharan, B., Parthiban, R., Qureshi, I., Bhatt, B., & Rakshit, K. (2021). Digital technology-enabled transformative consumer responsibilsation: A case study. European Journal of Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2020-0139
Sharmin, S., Khan, N. A., & Belal, A. R. (2014). Corporate community involvement in Bangladesh: An empirical study. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 21(1), 41–51.
Sigglekow, N. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 20–24.
Stofberg, N., Bridoux, F., Ciulli, F., Pisani, N., Kolk, A., & Vock, M. (2019). A relational-models view to explain peer-to-peer sharing. Journal of Management Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12523
Sundararajan, A. (2017). The sharing economy: The end of employment and the rise of crowd-based capitalism. MIT Press.
Sutherland, W., & Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). The sharing economy and digital platforms: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Information Management, 43, 328–341.
Sutter, C. J., Webb, J. W., Kistruck, G. M., & Bailey, A. V. (2013). Entrepreneurs’ responses to semi-formal illegitimate institutional arrangements. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 743–758.
Ter Huurne, M., Ronteltap, A., Corten, R., & Buskens, V. (2017). Antecedents of trust in the sharing economy: A systematic review. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 16(6), 485–498.
The Asia Foundation. (2019). Empowering local agricultural producers with a global trading identity: Program synthesis report. https://asiafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Empowering-Local-Agricultural-Producers-with-a-Global-Trading-Identity.pdf. Assessed 07 Feb 2021.
Verbeke, W. A., & Viaene, J. (2000). Ethical challenges for livestock production: Meeting consumer concerns about meat safety and animalwelfare. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 12(2), 141–151.
Vinik, D. (2014, December 15). Uber’s prices surged in Sydney during the hostage crisis, and everyone is furious. The New Republic. http://newrepublic.com/article/120564/during-terrorist-attack-sydney-uber-imposing-surge-pricing
Vith, S., Oberg, A., Höllerer, M. A., & Meyer, R. E. (2019). Envisioning the ‘sharing city’: Governance strategies for the sharing economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 159(4), 1023–1046.
Voeth, M., Pölzl, J., & Kienzler, O. (2015). Sharing economy– chancen, herausforderungen und erfolgsfaktoren für den wandel vom produktgeschäft zur interaktiven dienstleistung am beispiel des car-sharings. In Interaktive Wertschöpfung durch Dienstleistungen (pp. 469–489). Springer.
Vosooghidizaji, M., Taghipour, A., & Canel-Depitre, B. (2020). Supply chain coordination under information asymmetry: A review. International Journal of Production Research, 58(6), 1805–1834.
Webb, J. W., Kistruck, G. M., Ireland, R. D., & Ketchen, D. J., Jr. (2010). The entrepreneurship process in base of the pyramid markets: The case of multinational enterprise/nongovernment organisation alliances. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(3), 555–581.
Wiprächtiger, D., Narayanamurthy, G., Moser, R., & Sengupta, T. (2019). Access-based business model innovation in frontier markets: Case study of shared mobility in Timor-Leste. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 143, 224–238.
Yuhas, A. (2015, April 30). Airbnb hosts return to fnd home trashed after ‘druginduced orgy’. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/apr/30/airbnb-calgary-home-trashed-drug-induced-orgy
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hota, P.K., Qiu, S., Bhatt, B. (2021). Ethitrade: Countering Challenges of Sharing Economy at the Base of the Pyramid Using Technology. In: Qureshi, I., Bhatt, B., Shukla, D.M. (eds) Sharing Economy at the Base of the Pyramid. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2414-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2414-8_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-2413-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-2414-8
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)