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Genotoxicity and DNA Damage Induced by Herbicides and Toxins in Plants

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Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Plants

Abstract

Genetic toxicology is a multidisciplinary field of research that explores the detection of harmful and defensive DNA compounds, the understanding of DNA disruption’s biological effects, and its molecular modes of action that lead to the modification and repair of genetic material. The damage to the genetic material is caused by the genotoxic substance’s interaction with the structure and sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid of plants. These genotoxic substances function at a specific position or base sequence of the structure of DNA, causing disruption, fracturing, fusion, deletion, mis-segregation or non-disjunction, resulting damage, and mutation. Many herbicides use inactivation “target proteins” (usually enzymes) that are necessary for important functions such as chemicals or other plant-specific pathways of synthesis. Since crops usually use competing weeds to share these cycles, most herbicides are non-selective. Others are used mostly by collection of resistant species, primarily due to a differential absorption or metabolism of the herbicides or to a certain position. Another provides protection against herbicides of wide-spectrum. This could encourage the use and choice of these different compounds to be environmentally responsible and non-toxic. A plant can reduce the translocation of herbicides on several pathways. In modern years, plants were genetically engineered to fight the lethal effects of herbicides. The resistance of the natural herbicides in plants is responsible for different forms, the target site insensitivity, and the toxic herbicide degradation of the toxic by-products are noteworthy. Both these pathways have been simulated in genetically engineered plants either by excessive expression of the target enzymes or by developing foreign defence products that could easily detoxify the herbicides.

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Acknowledgment

We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude and appreciation for the support of Dr. Zeba Khan, Dr. MohdYunus Khalil Ansari and Dr. Durre Shahwar. Our special thanks to all the editors for their constant support, generosity, encouragement, and suggestions. We appreciate the cooperation that everyone displayed under such strenuous conditions which made the writing simple and easy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar, India

    Kaushik Kumar Panigrahi & Ayesha Mohanty

  2. Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India

    Smruti Ranjan Padhan

  3. Indira Gandhi Krishi Viswavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Rama Krishna Satyaraj Guru

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  1. Kaushik Kumar Panigrahi
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  2. Ayesha Mohanty
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  3. Smruti Ranjan Padhan
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  4. Rama Krishna Satyaraj Guru
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Zeba Khan

  2. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Mohd Yunus Khalil Ansari

  3. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Durre Shahwar

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Panigrahi, K.K., Mohanty, A., Padhan, S.R., Guru, R.K.S. (2021). Genotoxicity and DNA Damage Induced by Herbicides and Toxins in Plants. In: Khan, Z., Ansari, M.Y.K., Shahwar, D. (eds) Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Plants. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2074-4_2

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