Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Epidemiology of the Grass Carp Reovirus

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Aquareovirus

  • 342 Accesses

Abstract

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) aquaculture accounts for a large share of the freshwater fishery industry in China. However, frequent outbreaks of grass carp hemorrhagic disease (GCHD) caused by the grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection poses a great threat and causes a tremendous loss to grass carp aquaculture farming almost every year. Epidemiological studies have shown that the GCRV can infect many kinds of fish, and different genotypes of the GCRV have been isolated from diseased grass carps with typical hemorrhagic symptoms. According to the genome sequence analyses, a mass of the GCRV isolates in China is mainly divided into three genotypic groups, namely GCRV I (representative strain GCRV-873; Aquareovirus C), GCRV II (representative strain GCRV-HZ08), and GCRV III (representative strain HGDRV, formerly named as GCRV-104). GCHD outbreak appears to be seasonal, occurring mainly in the summers at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 30 °C. However, no obvious characteristic pattern pertaining to the GCRV genotypic diversity in the geographical distribution has been found. In addition, various GCRV isolates have different virulence factors towards their host and permissive cell lines. Recent epidemiological data analysis has indicated that the GCRV species grouped in GCRV II are prevalent in China, and the phenomenon of combined infection of different genotypes exists in the general population of grass carp. Therefore, timely and accurate epidemiological investigation of GCHD is necessary for better prevention and control of the GCHD outbreak.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AHRV:

Atlantic halibut reovirus

CIK:

Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney

CPE:

Cytopathic effect

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

GCHD:

Grass carp hemorrhagic disease

GCHV:

Grass carp hemorrhage virus

GCRV:

Grass carp reovirus

References

  1. Fang Q, Zhu ZY (2003) Advances in aquareovirus research. Virol Sin 18(1):82–86

    Google Scholar 

  2. Winton JR, Lannan CN, Fryer JL, Hedrick RP, Meyers TR, Plumb JA, Yamamoto T (1987) Morphological and biochemical properties of four members of a novel group or reoviruses isolated from aquatic animals. J Gen Virol 68:353–364

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Plumb JA, Bowser PR, Grizzle JM, Mitchell AJ (1979) Fish viruses: a double-stranded RNA virus icosahedral virus from a North American cyprinid. J Fish Res Board Can 36:1390–1394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mao SJ, Shao JZ, Hang Q (1989) On pathogen of hemorrhage of grass carp. J Fish China 13(1):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fang Q, Ke LH (1989) Growth characteristics and high titer culture of grass carp hemorrhage virus (GCHV)-873 in vitro. Virol Sin 3:315–319

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ke LH, Fang Q, Cai YQ (1990) Characteristics of a novel isolate of grass carp hemorrhagic virus. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 14(2):153–159

    Google Scholar 

  7. Attoui H, Mertens P, Becnel J, Belaganahalli S, Zhou H (2011) Family Reoviridae. In: Virus taxonomy, ninth report of the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rangel AAC, Rockemann DD, Hetrick FM, Samal SK (1999) Identification of grass carp hemorrhage virus as a new genogroup of aquareovirus. J Gen Virol 80(9):2399

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pei C, Ke F, Chen ZY, Zhang QY (2014) Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of grass carp reovirus strain 109 (GCReV-109) with other grass carp reovirus strains reveals no significant correlation with regional distribution. Arch Virol 159:2435–2440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang Q, Zeng W, Liu C, Zhang C, Wang Y, Shi C, Wu S (2012) Complete genome sequence of a reovirus isolated from grass carp, indicating different genotypes of GCRV in China. J Virol 86:12466

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Ye X, Tian YY, Deng GC, Chi YY, Jiang XY (2012) Complete genomic sequence of a reovirus isolated from grass carp in China. Virus Res 163:275–283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fan Y, Rao S, Zeng L, Ma J, Zhou Y, Xu J, Zhang H (2013) Identification and genomic characterization of a novel fish reovirus, Hubei grass carp disease reovirus, isolated in 2009 in China. J Gen Virol 94:2266–2277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zeng WW, Wang Q, Liu YK, Zhang LS, Liu BQ, Shi CB, Wu SQ (2011) Isolation and identification of new GCRV strain and primary study on its immunogenicity. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 35(5):790–795

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang C, Wang Q, Shi CB, Zeng WW, Liu YK, Wu SQ (2010) Isolation and identification of a grass carp reovirus isolate GCRV HZ08. J Fish Sci China 17(6):1257–1263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hao GJ, Shen JY, Pan XY, Xu Y, Yao JY, Yin WL (2011) Isolation and identification of a strain of grass carp reovirus in Huzhou. Prog Fish Sci 32(1):47–52

    Google Scholar 

  16. Liu YK, Wang Q, Zeng WW, Shi CB, Zhang C, Chen DY, Wu SQ (2011) Isolation and identification of grass carp reovirus strain JX-0902. J Fish Sci China 5:1077–1083

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fang Q, Xiao TY, Ding QQ, Li L, Zhang HY, Zhu ZY (2002) Virological properties of GCRV991 strain. Virol Sin 17(2):178–181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yan XY, Wang Y, Xiong LF, Jian JC, Wu ZH (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of newly isolated grass carp reovirus. Springer Plus 3(1):190

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Xu Y, Hao GJ, Shen JY, Zheng SJ, Pan XY, Yao JY, Yin WL (2010) Isolation and identification of two grass carp reovrius strains in Jiangxi province. Freshw Fish 40(3):44–49

    Google Scholar 

  20. Wang Y (2011) cDNA cloning, expression of vp5 and vp7 genes and subcecullar localization of VP5 and VP7 proteins in grass carp reovirus. Guangdong Ocean University

    Google Scholar 

  21. Yan NN, Su JG, Lei CZ (2015) Cloning and analysis of partial coding sequences of grass carp reovirus 097 strain genome segments L3, M5 and S8. J Domest Anim Ecol 3:25–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tian FY, Zeng WW, Zhang XY, Xu JH, Xie SH, Hua Q, Liu WZ, Yin XH, Meng X, Liu B, Ou YM (2016) Molecular epidemiological analysis of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) in Jiangxi in 2016. Jiangxi Fish Sci Technol 6:19–23

    Google Scholar 

  23. Li X (2016) Isolation, identification of grass carp reovirus GZ1208 and analysis of its complete genome. Shanghai Ocean University

    Google Scholar 

  24. Yang Y (2013) Epidemiologic survey of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella) reovirus in South China and establishment of duplex real-time RT-PCR. Sichuan Agricultural University

    Google Scholar 

  25. Zheng SC, Xie JG, Wang Y, Cai SH, Jian JC, Wu ZH, Yan XY (2014) Construction of yeast expression vector and bioinformatics analysis of vp7 gene in GCRV 096. Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ni DS (1994) Recent developments and prospects of fish disease science in China. Mod Fish Inf 9(3):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chen BS, Jiang Y (1984) Morphological and physicochemical characterization of the hemorrhagic virus of grass carp. Kexue Tongbao 29:832–835

    Google Scholar 

  28. Grass carp haemorrhagic disease research collaboration group (Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yangtze River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences) (1983) Electron microscopy of grass carp haemorrhagic disease virus. Freshw Fish 3:39

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zeng LB, Zuo WG (1991) Genome SDS-PAGE analysis and nucleic acid identification of grass carp hemorrhage virus strain 854. Freshw Fish 5:17–18

    Google Scholar 

  30. Zeng LB, He L (1992) Studies on the purification and physical-chemical characteristics of the grass carp hemorrhage virus strain 854. Freshw Fish 2:3–5

    Google Scholar 

  31. Zeng LB, He L, Zuo WG (1998) Physical-chemical and biological characteristics and genome structure of grass carp hemorrhage virus-854. J Fish China 22(3):279–282

    Google Scholar 

  32. Section of Virus Study, Third Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica (1978) Studies on the causative agent of hemorrhage of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Acta Hydrobiol Sin 6(3):321–329

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ding QQ, Yu LF, Ke LH, Cai YQ (1991) Study on infecting other fishes with grass carp hemorrhage virus. Virol Sin 6(4):371–373

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wang TH, Liu PL, Chen HX, Liu HQ, Yi YL, Guo W (1994) Preliminary study on the susceptibility of Gobiocypris Rarus to hemorrhagic virus of grass carp (GCHV). Acta Hydrobiol Sin 18(2):144–149

    Google Scholar 

  35. Chen LX, Fu SH, Wang DG, Chen T, Zhang HY (1998) A study on the biological characteristics of grass carp hemorrhage virus. J Hunan Agric Univ 24(6):468–470

    Google Scholar 

  36. Guo QL, Jiang Y (1993) Histopathological studies of the hemorrhage disease of grass carp infected by two types of grass carp reovirus. Trans Res Fish Dis 1:7–11

    Google Scholar 

  37. Li X, Zeng WW, Wang Q, Wang YY, Li YY, Shi CB, Wu SQ (2016) Progress on grass carp reovirus. Prog Vet Med 37(7):94–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Blindheim S, Nylund A, Watanabe K, Plarre H, Erstad B, Nylund S (2015) A new aquareovirus causing high mortality in farmed Atlantic halibut fry in Norway. Arch Virol 160:91–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Skoge RH, Nylund A, Solheim K, Plarre H (2019) Complete genome of Atlantic halibut reovirus (AHRV) associated with mortality in production of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) fry. Aquaculture 509:23–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Attoui H, Fang Q, Jaafar FM, Cantaloube JF, Biagini P, Micco P, Lamballerie X (2002) Common evolutionary origin of aquareoviruses and orthoreoviruses revealed by genome characterization of golden shiner reovirus, grass carp reovirus, striped bass reovirus and golden ide reovirus(genus Aquareovirus, family Reoviridae). J Gen Virol 83:1941–1951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Wu ML, Li HY, Jiang H, He JX, Hou GJ, Jiang YY (2018) Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of grass carp reovirus AH528 strain. Prog Fish Sci 39(5):36–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Zeng WW, Wang Q, Wang YY (2016) Immunogenicity of a cell culture-derived inactivated vaccine against a common virulent isolate of grass carp reovirus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 54:473–480

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Wang T, Li J, Lu L (2013) Quantitative in vivo and in vitro characterization of co-infection by two genetically distant grass carp reoviruses. J General Virol 94(Pt_6):1301–1309

    Google Scholar 

  44. Wang Q, Zeng WW, Yin L, Wang YY, Liu C, Li YY, Zheng SC, Shi CB (2016) Comparative study on physical-chemical and biological characteristics of grass carp reovirus from different genotypes. J World Aquacult Soc 47(6):862–872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Zeng WW, Wang Q, Wang YY, Zhang LS, Liu BQ, Shi CB, Wu SQ (2013) Establishment of multiplex PCR for detection of grass carp reovirus and its application. J Fish Sci China 20(2):419–426

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Fan YD, Ma J, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Liu WZ, Zeng LB (2018) Establishment and application of a universal RT-PCR assay for detection of different genotype grass carp reovirus. Freshw Fish 48(6):9–16

    Google Scholar 

  47. Deng CX, Yang XQ, Chen HX (1985) Susceptibility to grass carp reovirus (GCRV) of several fish cell lines. Acta Hydrobiol Sin 9(4):351–358

    Google Scholar 

  48. Fang Q, Ding QQ, Wang YP, Zhu ZY (2003) Partial characteristic comparison between two aquareovirus isolates. Virol Sin 18(5):464–467

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Mao SJ, Shao JZ (1989) Studies on the reproduction of pathogenic virus of grass carp hemorrhage in fish cell. J Hangzhou Univ 16(4):471–475

    Google Scholar 

  50. Li X, Zeng WW, Wang Q, Wang YY, Li YY, Song XJ, Huang QW, Shi CB, Wu SQ (2016) The study on the proliferation of GCRV II in different fish cell lines. J Fish China 40(8):1249–1257

    Google Scholar 

  51. Fang Q, Xiao TY, Li L, Zou GP, Zhang HY, Wang YP (2002) Infection characterizations of four grass carp reovirus (GCRV) strains. Virol Sin 17(2):182–184

    Google Scholar 

  52. Yin L (2014) Diversity analysis on biological characteristics of three strains of grass carp reovirus from different genotype. Shanghai Ocean University

    Google Scholar 

  53. Fang Q, Ke LH, Cai YQ (1989) Growth characteriersitstics and high titer culture of grass carp hemorrhage virus (GCHV)-873 in vitro. Virol Sin 3:315–319

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China

    Ke Zhang & Yuding Fan

  2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China

    Ke Zhang

  3. Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA

    Jie Ma

Authors
  1. Ke Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jie Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuding Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuding Fan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Qin Fang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Zhang, K., Ma, J., Fan, Y. (2021). Epidemiology of the Grass Carp Reovirus. In: Fang, Q. (eds) Aquareovirus. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1903-8_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation