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An Introduction to the Current Management of Ovarian Cancer in the Era of Precision Oncology

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Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers

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Abstract

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of premature mortality worldwide, mainly because of its advanced stage at diagnosis and poor outcomes in metastatic phase. Quality and timely surgery is the key intervention for both the curative and the palliative setting, providing one of the largest benefits on the survival outcomes. However, patients with OC, at all stages, benefit of a number of pharmacological treatments, both chemotherapy and targeted agents. Therapeutic advances in OC reflect a better knowledge of the biology and the critical pathogenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis. For instance, the discovery of homologous recombination deficiency, particularly BRCA gene mutations, and the implementation of anti-(Poly ADP-ribose polymerase) PARP treatments have been largely considered to be milestones in cancer treatment. PARP inhibitors are now approved as maintenance therapy in platinum-sensitive OC. Antiangiogenic agents can play an important role in the advanced disease. Immunotherapy has been tested in OC with less impactful results, suggesting the need of more efforts to identify predictive factors to refine the patient selection. Despite the progresses in treatment discovery, the prognosis of patients with more advanced diseases or exhibiting treatment resistance still remains dismal. The personalization of treatment, together with the developing of new drugs, will improve the prognosis of this disease, addressing an unmet area of the cancer treatment.

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Conflicts of Interest

EFG has personal fees from Novartis. AP has personal fees from Servier, Eli-Lilly, and MSD. All the fees are not connected with the present work. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Authors’ Contribution

APe and DT coordinated the development of the chapter and shared a preliminary outline, refined with the inputs of EFG and APa. APe, DT, EFG, and APa contributed to writing and revising the proofs; they also provided reciprocal feedback. The final draft was reviewed and approved by all the authors. The contents of the chapter reflect the authors’ perspectives and not of their institutions of affiliation.

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  1. Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy

    Emilio Francesco Giunta & Annalisa Pappalardo

  2. Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy

    Emilio Francesco Giunta, Annalisa Pappalardo & Angelica Petrillo

  3. European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy

    Dario Trapani

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  1. Cancer Biomarkers Working Group, Oujda, Morocco

    Khalid El Bairi

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Giunta, E.F., Pappalardo, A., Trapani, D., Petrillo, A. (2021). An Introduction to the Current Management of Ovarian Cancer in the Era of Precision Oncology. In: El Bairi, K. (eds) Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1873-4_2

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