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Mechanism of Color Pattern Formation in Insects

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Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns

Abstract

Insects have various color patterns on their bodies and have played major roles in elucidating the mechanisms of color pattern formation because of their suitability as experimental models. In particular, studies of Drosophila (fruit flies) and butterflies have produced a number of new findings. The logic of generation of a color pattern from the combination of the spatial information of body parts, the genes responsible for those processes, and the mechanism of generating a novel color pattern by cis-regulatory evolution have been elucidated by Drosophila studies. In butterfly studies, attempts to find color pattern genes through genome-wide analysis and functional analysis of color pattern genes using genome editing technology are producing new results. Theoretical models to explain complex eyespot patterning in butterflies have been developed and are awaiting verification with experimental results. A comprehensive model to explain general color pattern formation in insects and validation with empirical data is required.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ryo Futahashi for giving us an opportunity to write this chapter, Toshiya Ando for helpful comments, and Elizabeth Nakajima for comments and English editing. This chapter is partially based on our review article published in the Japanese language (Fukutomi and Koshikawa 2018). Part of the writing was supported by KAKENHI (17 K19427, 18H02486, 18 J20452).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Yuichi Fukutomi & Shigeyuki Koshikawa

  2. Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan

    Yuichi Fukutomi

  3. Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Shigeyuki Koshikawa

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  1. Yuichi Fukutomi
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Correspondence to Shigeyuki Koshikawa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

    Hisashi Hashimoto

  2. Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan

    Makoto Goda

  3. Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Ryo Futahashi

  4. Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK

    Robert Kelsh

  5. Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan

    Toyoko Akiyama

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Fukutomi, Y., Koshikawa, S. (2021). Mechanism of Color Pattern Formation in Insects. In: Hashimoto, H., Goda, M., Futahashi, R., Kelsh, R., Akiyama, T. (eds) Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_12

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