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Exogenous Gibberellic Acid Supplementation Renders Growth and Yield Protection Against Salinity Induced Oxidative Damage Through Upregulating Antioxidant Metabolism in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.)

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Fenugreek

Abstract

Gibberellic acid (GA) is a well-established group of phytohormones with growth eliciting properties. Considering the substantial damage by salt stress, we investigated whether foliar sprays of 10−6 M GA3 could reverse salinity implicated constraints in fenugreek plants and up to what extent. Our study suggested that exogenous GA3 could significantly (p ≤ 0.05) mitigate the effects of salinity in the fenugreek plants. This treatment maximised the growth and yield variables, as well. The activities of various assimilatory enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase and nitrogen reductase, observed an increment of about 17% each over salt-stressed plants (50 mg L−1). Further metabolomic analyses revealed an upregulated antioxidant defence system with increased activities of superoxide dismutase (18%), catalase (13%), and ascorbate peroxidase (15%). The enhanced proline content (19%) in tandem with upregulated antioxidant enzymes minimised cellular damage through restricting TBARS and H2O2 contents by about 16% and 14%, respectively. Thus, in the light of sufficient data, we are convinced that foliar sprays of 10−6 M GA3 could be used for minimising the salinity induced growth and yield constraints in the fenugreek crop.

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Acknowledgements

MM acknowledges Mr. Abbu Zaid (AMU, Aligarh, India) for his sincere help with experimentations.

Author Contributions

FM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Resources, Supervision. MN: Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Supervision, Writing - Review & Editing. MMAK: Visualization, Writing - Review & Editing. MM: Investigation, Software, Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing -Original Draft.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mohammad Mukarram, Firoz Mohammad, M. Naeem & M. Masroor A. Khan

  2. Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University of Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia

    Mohammad Mukarram

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  1. Mohammad Mukarram
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    M. Naeem

  2. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Tariq Aftab

  3. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    M. Masroor A. Khan

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Mukarram, M., Mohammad, F., Naeem, M., Khan, M.M.A. (2021). Exogenous Gibberellic Acid Supplementation Renders Growth and Yield Protection Against Salinity Induced Oxidative Damage Through Upregulating Antioxidant Metabolism in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.). In: Naeem, M., Aftab, T., Khan, M.M.A. (eds) Fenugreek. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_6

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