Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Alcohol Fuels in Low-Temperature Combustion Engines

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

Low-temperature combustions strategy in internal combustion engines provides lower emissions beside high engine performance in according to chemically control combustion temperature. This strategy is divided into three engine types which are premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI), and reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines. Low-temperature combustion strategies usually used two various fuels with low and high reactivity. The main purpose of LTC is to providing a lean homogenous air/fuel mixture to obtain lower emissions beside appropriate engine power. Various fuel delivery strategies and different fuels are used in LTC which can be low-reactivity fuels such as gasoline and alcohols and high-reactivity fuels such as diesel and dimethyl ether; a combination of low- and high-reactivity fuels is also in LTC strategies. Among all low-reactivity fuels, alcohol fuels were used in various researches by interested scientists. Ethanol, methanol, butanol, and n-butanol are four types of fuels which were used as low-reactivity fuels in low-temperature combustion engines. These fuels are usually used with high-reactivity fuels such as diesel (n-heptane in numerical works) or due to cooling effects employed at high engine loads as single fuels. Various properties of alcohol fuels make different influences on engine combustion and emission characteristics. This chapter categorized LTC strategies in which alcohol fuels are used as alternative fuel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agarwal AK, Singh AP, Maurya RK (2017) Evolution, challenges and path forward for low temperature combustion engines. Progr Energy Combust Sci 61:1–56. ISSN 0360-1285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2017.02.001

  • Aoyama T, Hattori Y, Mizuta JI, Sato Y (1996) An experimental study on premixed-charge compression ignition gasoline engine (No. 960081). SAE technical paper, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4271/960081

  • Benajes J, Molina S, García A, Monsalve-Serrano J (2015) Effects of low reactivity fuel characteristics and blending ratio on low load RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) performance and emissions in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Energy 90:1261–1271. ISSN 0360-5442. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.088

  • Bendu H, Sivalingam M (2016) Experimental investigation on the effect of charge temperature on ethanol fueled HCCI combustion engine. J Mech Sci Technol 30(10):4791–4799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-0951-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhiogade GE, Sunheriya N, Suryawanshi JG (2017) Investigations on premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engines: a review. In: Fluid mechanics and fluid power–contemporary research. Springer, New Delhi, pp 1455–1463. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_139

  • Calam A, AydoÄŸan B, Halis S (2020) The comparison of combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics of ethanol, methanol, fusel oil, butanol, isopropanol and naphtha with n-heptane blends on HCCI engine. Fuel 266:117071. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117071

  • Çelebi Y, Aydın H (2019) An overview on the light alcohol fuels in diesel engines. Fuel 236:890–911. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.138

  • Chen H, Zhang P, Liu Y (2018). Investigation on combustion and emission performance of a common rail diesel engine fueled with diesel-ethylene glycol dual fuel. Appl Thermal Eng 142:43–55. ISSN 1359-4311. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.06.073

  • Dempsey AB, Das Adhikary B, Viswanathan S, Reitz RD (2012) Reactivity controlled compression ignition using premixed hydrated ethanol and direct injection diesel. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 134(8). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4006703

  • Elzahaby AM, Elkelawy M, Bastawissi HAE, El_Malla SM, Naceb AMM (2018) Kinetic modeling and experimental study on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a PCCI engine fueled with ethanol-diesel blends. Egypt J Petrol 27(4):927–937. ISSN 1110-0621. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.02.003

  • Fang W, Fang J, Kittelson DB, Northrop WF (2015) An experimental investigation of reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion in a single-cylinder diesel engine using hydrous ethanol. J Energy Resour Technol 137(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028771

  • Gharehghani A (2019) Load limits of an HCCI engine fueled with natural gas, ethanol, and methanol. Fuel 239:1001–1014. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.066

  • Gharehghani A, Pourrahmani H (2019) Performance evaluation of diesel engines (PEDE) for a diesel-biodiesel fueled CI engine using nano-particles additive. Energy Convers Manag 198:111921. ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111921

  • Gharehghani A, Mirsalim SM, Jazayeri SA (2012) Numerical and experimental investigation of combustion and knock in a dual fuel gas/diesel compression ignition engine. J Combust. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/504590

  • Goldsborough SS, Hochgreb S, Vanhove G, Wooldridge MS, Curran HJ, Sung CJ (2017) Advances in rapid compression machine studies of low-and intermediate-temperature autoignition phenomena. Progr Energy Combust Sci 63:1–78. ISSN 0360-1285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2017.05.002

  • Gong C, Li Z, Yi L, Liu F (2019) Comparative study on combustion and emissions between methanol port-injection engine and methanol direct-injection engine with H2-enriched port-injection under lean-burn conditions. Energy Convers Manage 200:112096. ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112096

  • Gong C, Li Z, Huang K, Liu F (2020) Research on the performance of a hydrogen/methanol dual-injection assisted spark-ignition engine using late-injection strategy for methanol. Fuel 260:116403. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116403

  • Harari PA (2018) Comprehensive review on enabling reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) in diesel engines. Integr Res Adv 5(1):5–19. https://www.pubs.iscience.in/journal/index.php/ira/article/view/758

  • He B-Q, Liu M-B, Zhao H (2015) Comparison of combustion characteristics of n-butanol/ethanol–gasoline blends in a HCCI engine, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 95, 2015, Pages 101–109, ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.019

  • He BQ, Liu MB, Zhao H (2015) Comparison of combustion characteristics of n-butanol/ethanol–gasoline blends in a HCCI engine. Energy Convers Manag 95:101–109. ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.019

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_fuel

  • Huisman GH, Van Rens GLMA, De Lathouder H, Cornelissen RL (2011) Cost estimation of biomass-to-fuel plants producing methanol, dimethylether or hydrogen. Biomass Bioenergy 35:S155–S166. ISSN 0961-9534. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.038

  • Imtenan S, Varman M, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Sajjad H, Arbab MI, Fattah IR (2014) Impact of low temperature combustion attaining strategies on diesel engine emissions for diesel and biodiesels: a review. Energy Convers Manage 80:329–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jia Z, Denbratt I (2018) Experimental investigation into the combustion characteristics of a Methanol-Diesel heavy duty engine operated in RCCI mode. Fuel 226:745–753. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.088

  • Kakoee A, Gharehghani A (2019) Comparative study of hydrogen addition effects on the natural-gas/diesel and natural-gas/dimethyl-ether reactivity controlled compression ignition mode of operation. Energy Convers Manage 196:92–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.05.113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kakoee A, Bakhshan Y, Aval SM, Gharehghani A (2018) An improvement of a lean burning condition of natural gas/diesel RCCI engine with a pre-chamber by using hydrogen. Energy Convers Manag 166:489–499. ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.063

  • Kakoee A, Bakhshan Y, Gharehghani A, Salahi MM (2019) Numerical comparative study of hydrogen addition on combustion and emission characteristics of a natural-gas/dimethyl-ether RCCI engine with pre-chamber. Energy 186:115878. ISSN 0360-5442. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.115878

  • Kim D, Ekoto I, Colban WF, Miles PC (2009) In-cylinder CO and UHC imaging in a light-duty diesel engine during PPCI low-temperature combustion. SAE Int J Fuels Lubricants 1(1):933–956. www.jstor.org/stable/26272062

  • Lee H, Lim O (2016) A computational study of DME-methanol fractions with controlling several factors on HCCI combustion. J Mech Sci Technol 30(4):1931–1941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-0352-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Jia M, Liu Y, Xie M (2013) Numerical study on the combustion and emission characteristics of a methanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine. Appl Energy 106:184–197. ISSN 0306-2619. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.01.058

  • Li W, Xu YK, Wang W (2014) Experimental study on emission characteristics of the PCCI-DI Combustion with DME and methanol. In: Applied mechanics and materials, vol. 521, pp 633–637. Trans Tech Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.633

  • Li Y, Jia M, Xu L, Bai XS (2020) Multiple-objective optimization of methanol/diesel dual-fuel engine at low loads: a comparison of reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) and direct dual fuel stratification (DDFS) strategies. Fuel 262:116673. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116673

  • Lü X, Hou Y, Zu L, Huang Z (2006) Experimental study on the auto-ignition and combustion characteristics in the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion operation with ethanol/n-heptane blend fuels by port injection. Fuel 85(17–18):2622–2631. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.05.003

  • Mack JH, Aceves SM, Dibble RW (2009) Demonstrating direct use of wet ethanol in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. Energy 34(6):782–787. ISSN 0360-5442. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.02.010

  • Mack JH, Schuler D, Butt RH, Dibble RW (2016) Experimental investigation of butanol isomer combustion in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. Appl Energy 165:612–626. ISSN 0306-2619. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.105

  • Maurya RK, Agarwal AK (2011) Experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol fuelled port injected homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion engine. Appl Energy 88(4):1169–1180. ISSN 0306-2619. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.09.015

  • Maurya RK, Agarwal AK (2014) Experimental investigations of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol and methanol fueled HCCI engine. Fuel Process Technol 126:30–48. ISSN 0378-3820. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.03.031

  • Mobasheri R, Seddiq M (2018) Effects of diesel injection parameters in a heavy duty iso-butanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine (No. 2018-01-0197). SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0197

  • Mohammadi A, Kee SS, Ishiyama T, Kakuta T, Matsumoto T (2005) Implementation of ethanol diesel blend fuels in PCCI combustion (No. 2005–01–3712). SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3712

  • Moradi J, Gharehghani A, Mirsalim M (2020) Numerical investigation on the effect of oxygen in combustion characteristics and to extend low load operating range of a natural-gas HCCI engine. Appl Energy 276:115516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115516

  • Natarajan S, Shankar SA, Sundareswaran AM (2017) Early injected PCCI engine fuelled with bio ethanol and diesel blends–an experimental investigation. Energy Procedia 105:358–366. ISSN 1876-6102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.326

  • Nour M, Attia AM, Nada SA (2019) Combustion, performance and emission analysis of diesel engine fuelled by higher alcohols (butanol, octanol and heptanol)/diesel blends. Energy Convers Manag 185:313–329. ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.105.

  • Pan S, Li X, Han W, Huang Y (2017) An experimental investigation on multi-cylinder RCCI engine fueled with 2-butanol/diesel. Energy Convers Manag 154:92–101. ISSN 0196-8904, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.10.047

  • Pedersen TD, Schramm J, Yanai T, Sato Y (2010) Controlling the heat release in HCCI combustion of DME with methanol and EGR (No. 2010–01–1489). SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-1489

  • Qian Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Lu X (2015) Experimental studies on combustion and emissions of RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) with gasoline/n-heptane and ethanol/n-heptane as fuels. Energy 88:584–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saisirirat P, Togbé C, Chanchaona S, Foucher F, Mounaïm-Rousselle C, Dagaut P (2011) Auto-ignition and combustion characteristics in HCCI and JSR using 1-butanol/n-heptane and ethanol/n-heptane blends. Proc Combust Inst 33(2):3007–3014. ISSN 1540-7489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.016

  • Salahi MM, Gharehghani A (2019) Control of combustion phasing and operating range extension of natural gas PCCI engines using ozone species. Energy Convers Manage 199:112000. ISSN 196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112000

  • Saravanan S, Pitchandi K, Suresh G (2015) An experimental study on premixed charge compression ignition-direct ignition engine fueled with ethanol and gasohol. Alexandria Eng J 54(4):897–904. ISSN 1110-0168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.07.010

  • Soloiu V, Muinos M, Harp S (2015) Investigation of dual fuel PCCI (PFI of n-Butanol and DI-ULSD) compared with DI of binary mixtures of the same fuels in an omnivorous diesel engine (No. 2015-01-0857). SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0857

  • Splitter D, Kokjohn S, Rein K, Hanson R, Sanders S, Reitz R (2010) An optical investigation of ignition processes in fuel reactivity controlled PCCI combustion. SAE Int J Engines 3(1):142–162. www.jstor.org/stable/26275475

  • Splitter DA, Hanson RM, Reitz RD, Manente V, Johansson B (2011) Modeling charge preparation and combustion in diesel fuel, ethanol, and dual-fuel PCCI engines. Atomization Sprays 21(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1615/AtomizSpr.2011002836

  • Taghavi M, Gharehghani A, Nejad FB, Mirsalim M (2019) Developing a model to predict the start of combustion in HCCI engine using ANN-GA approach. Energy Convers Manag 195:57–69. ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.05.015

  • Thanapiyawanit B, Lu JH (2012) Cooling effect of methanol on an n-heptane HCCI engine using a dual fuel system. Int J Automot Technol 13(7):1013–1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-012-0104-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thangaraja J, Kannan C (2016) Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on advanced diesel combustion and alternate fuels-a review. Appl Energy 180:169–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turkcan A, Altinkurt MD, Coskun G, Canakci M (2018) Numerical and experimental investigations of the effects of the second injection timing and alcohol-gasoline fuel blends on combustion and emissions of an HCCI-DI engine. Fuel 219:50–61. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.061

  • Uyumaz A (2015) An experimental investigation into combustion and performance characteristics of an HCCI gasoline engine fueled with n-heptane, isopropanol and n-butanol fuel blends at different inlet air temperatures. Energy Convers Manag 98:199–207. ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.03.043

  • Valentino G, Corcione FE, Iannuzzi SE, Serra S (2012) Experimental study on performance and emissions of a high speed diesel engine fuelled with n-butanol diesel blends under premixed low temperature combustion. Fuel 92(1):295–307. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.07.035

  • Viggiano A, Magi V (2012) A comprehensive investigation on the emissions of ethanol HCCI engines. Appl Energy 93:277–287. ISSN 0306-2619. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.12.063

  • Vuilleumier D, Kozarac D, Mehl M, Saxena S, Pitz WJ, Dibble RW, Chen JY, Sarathy SM (2014) Intermediate temperature heat release in an HCCI engine fueled by ethanol/n-heptane mixtures: An experimental and modeling study. Combust Flame 161(3):680–695. ISSN 0010-2180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.10.008

  • Wei L, Yao C, Han G, Pan W (2016) Effects of methanol to diesel ratio and diesel injection timing on combustion, performance and emissions of a methanol port premixed diesel engine. Energy 95:223–232. ISSN 0360-5442. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.020

  • Wu HW, Wang RH, Ou DJ, Chen YC, Chen TY (2011) Reduction of smoke and nitrogen oxides of a partial HCCI engine using premixed gasoline and ethanol with air. Appl Energy 88(11):3882–3890. ISSN 0306-2619. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.03.027

  • Wu B, Zhan Q, Yu X, Lv G, Nie X, Liu S (2017) Effects of Miller cycle and variable geometry turbocharger on combustion and emissions in steady and transient cold process. Appl Therm Eng 118:621–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.02.074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie K, Yanai T, Yang Z, Reader G, Zheng M (2016) Emission analysis of HCCI combustion in a diesel engine fueled by butanol (No. 2016–01–0749). SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0749

  • Yan Y, Zhang YS (2014) The study on PCCI mode of diesel engine fueled with methanol/dimethyl ether. In: Applied mechanics and materials, vol. 607, pp 629–632. Trans Tech Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.629

  • Yao M, Chen Z, Zheng Z, Zhang B, Xing Y (2006) Study on the controlling strategies of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion with fuel of dimethyl ether and methanol. Fuel 85(14–15):2046–2056. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.03.016

  • Zhang C, Wu H (2016) Combustion characteristics and performance of a methanol fueled homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. J Energy Inst 89(3):346–353. ISSN 1743-9671. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2015.03.005

  • Zhen X, Wang Y (2015) Numerical analysis on original emissions for a spark ignition methanol engine based on detailed chemical kinetics. Renew Energy 81:43–51. ISSN 0960-1481. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.03.027

  • Zheng M, Han X, Asad U, Wang J (2015) Investigation of butanol-fuelled HCCI combustion on a high efficiency diesel engine. Energy Convers Manage 98:215–224. ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.03.098

  • Zheng Z, Xia M, Liu H, Shang R, Ma G, Yao M (2018) Experimental study on combustion and emissions of n-butanol/biodiesel under both blended fuel mode and dual fuel RCCI mode. Fuel 226:240–251. ISSN 0016-2361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.151

  • Zhou DZ, Yang WM, An H, Li J (2015) Application of CFD-chemical kinetics approach in detecting RCCI engine knocking fueled with biodiesel/methanol. Appl Energy 145:255–264. ISSN 0306-2619. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.058

  • Zhou DZ, Yang WM, An H, Li J, Shu C (2015) A numerical study on RCCI engine fueled by biodiesel/methanol. Energy Convers Manag 89:798–807. ISSN 0196-8904. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.10.054

  • Zhou Q, Ali MJM, Mohan B, Lu XC, Im H (2018) A computational study of lean limit extension of alcohol HCCI engines (No. 2018–01–1679). SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1679

  • Zou X, Wang H, Zheng Z, Reitz R, Yao M (2016) Numerical study of the RCCI combustion processes fuelled with methanol, ethanol, n-butanol and diesel (No. 2016-01-0777). SAE technical paper. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0777

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Ayat Gharehghani & Alireza Kakoee

Authors
  1. Ayat Gharehghani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alireza Kakoee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ayat Gharehghani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Pravesh Chandra Shukla

  2. PUNCH Torino S.p.A., Turin, Italy

    Giacomo Belgiorno

  3. Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili (STEMS), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy

    Gabriele Di Blasio

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Avinash Kumar Agarwal

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gharehghani, A., Kakoee, A. (2021). Alcohol Fuels in Low-Temperature Combustion Engines. In: Shukla, P.C., Belgiorno, G., Di Blasio, G., Agarwal, A.K. (eds) Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines . Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0931-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0931-2_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-0930-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-0931-2

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation