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Genome Editing Technologies for Plant Improvement: Advances, Applications and Challenges

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Omics Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture and Global Food Security Volume 1

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Abstract

The current rate of genetic gains in crop improvement should rise to match growing need for sustainable food production and environmental safety. Recent years have seen genome editing being emerged as a promising tool to tailor a variety of traits that improve plant performance. In the context, sequence-specific nucleases like zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and more recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas) have enabled rapid and precise modification of the genomes. The CRISPR/Cas system has revolutionized targeted gene modification approaches owing of its capacity to produce allelic series with high precision in both domesticated and crop wild species. Recent examples demonstrating simultaneous mutagenesis of multiple genes lends credence to targeted genome editing for tailoring complex quantitative traits. In parallel, oligogenic traits like disease resistance can be improved by precise base editing by accurate protein remodelling. Notwithstanding encouraging results on plant genome editing, adoption of gene-edited plants remains a moot point. To realize immense potential of genome editing, emphasis should be given on resolving the technical and regulatory apprehensions associated with the adoption of gene-edited plant products. This article presents latest advances in techniques grouped under “genome editing”, with a brief discussion on the current status of genome edited plants. We also highlight current challenges that limit widespread applications of targeted genome modification in crop improvement for sustainable food security.

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Abbreviations

CRISPR:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

EU:

European union

FAO:

Food and agriculture organization

FTO:

Freedom to operate

GMO:

Genetically modified organism

IPR:

Intellectual property rights

NCA:

National competent authority

NPBTs:

New plant breeding techniques

NTWG:

New technique working group

SDN:

Site-directed nuclease

SG:

Synthetic genomics

TALEN:

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases

ZFN:

Zinc finger nuclease

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Acknowledgement

RK acknowledges Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India for the financial support. A.K sincerely thank University Grants Commission (UGC) start-up grant (No.F.30-392/2017 (BSR) and Madhya Pradesh Council of Science and Technology (Endt. No. 3879/CST/R&D/BioSci/2018) for the funding to the laboratory.

Authors Contribution

RK, NRN and AK conceived the manuscript. AM and TKT gave the technical support during the MS preparation. All authors read and approve the final MS.

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  1. Rakesh Kumar

    Present address: Department of Life Science, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India

  2. Anirudh Kumar

    Present address: Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemveda Life Sciences India Pvt. Ltd. Uppal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Narasimha Rao Nizampatnam

  2. Department of Botany and Biotechnology, MG College, Gaya, Bihar, India

    Minhaj Alam

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Tarun K. Thakur

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Correspondence to Anirudh Kumar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Anirudh Kumar

  2. Department of Life Science, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India

    Rakesh Kumar

  3. Biotechnology Division, Seribiotech Research Laboratory (SBRL), Bangalore , Karnataka, India

    Pawan Shukla

  4. Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Manish K. Pandey

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Kumar, R., Nizampatnam, N.R., Alam, M., Thakur, T.K., Kumar, A. (2021). Genome Editing Technologies for Plant Improvement: Advances, Applications and Challenges. In: Kumar, A., Kumar, R., Shukla, P., Pandey, M.K. (eds) Omics Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture and Global Food Security Volume 1. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0831-5_10

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