Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) are a class of lipid mediators with the same cysteinyl structure, which are generated from arachidonic acid (AA) via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway, including leukotriene C4 (LTC4), D4 (LTD4), E4 (LTE4), etc. [1]. Cys-LTs play an important role in chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The main pathophysiological role of Cys-LTs is vascular permeability and vasodilation, resulting in mucosal swelling, which causes rhinorrhea and nasal congestion. In addition, Cys-LTs can promote chemotaxis and adhesion of inflammatory cells (particularly eosinophils), as well as prolonged cell survival and activation, which aggravate airway inflammation. LTRAs, such as montelukast, by competitively binding to the cysteinyl LT1 (Cys-LT1) receptor and blocking the activity of Cys-LTs, can improve the symptoms of some allergic diseases [2].
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Zheng, R., Yuan, T., Yang, Q. (2022). Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists. In: Zhang, L., Bachert, C. (eds) Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0784-4_41
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