Skip to main content

Abstract

The influence of hardening on mechanical properties of the low alloy steel grinding balls was investigated. The as received low alloy steel samples were austenitized at 950 ℃ for three different austenitization times and then quenched in oil media. Spectrometer was used to determine the chemical composition of as received alloy steel and optical microscope was used to observe microstructural features. Hardness and Charpy impact tests were performed to measure mechanical properties of the alloy steel samples. The results showed hardness profiles of the as-received steel ball considerably varied from surface to the center. The steel ball exhibited poor hardenability with the thin hardened band at the surface. Compared with the Rockwell hardness of the as received steel samples, the hardness of the as quenched steel at 30 min austenitization time increased while the impact energy decreased. At the higher time, the hardness of as quenched sample decreased, whereas the impact energy remained unchanged. Samples austenitized at 950 ℃ for 30 min. would obtain a maximum hardening and can be used as a baseline for further tempering process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Curry JA, Ismay MJL, Jameson GJ (2014) Mine operating costs and the potential impacts of energy and grinding. Miner Eng 56:70–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wills BA, Finch JA (2016) Wills’ mineral processing technology: an introduction to the practical aspects of ore treatment and mineral recovery. Elsevier Ltd., Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  3. Powell M, Smit I, Radziszewski P, Cleary P, Rattray B, Eriksson K, Schaeffer L (2006) Selection and design of Mill liners. In: Kawatra SK (ed) Advances in comminution. SME, Englewood, Colorado, pp 331–376

    Google Scholar 

  4. Usman H, Taylor P, Spiller DE (2017) The effects of lifter configurations and mill speeds on the mill power draw and performance. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol 1805, no 050001

    Google Scholar 

  5. Usman H, Fonna S, Thalib S (2020) A review on current mill liner design and performance. In: IOP conference series materials science and engineering, vol 931, no 012016

    Google Scholar 

  6. Moore JJ, Perez R, Gangopadhyay AK, Eggert JF (1988) Factors affecting wear in tumbling mills: influence of composition and microstructure. Int J Miner Process 22:313–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sverdlin AV, Ness AR (2007) Effects of alloying elements on the heat treatment of steel. In: Totten GE (ed) Steel heat treatment handbook. Taylor & Francis Group, USA, pp 166–211

    Google Scholar 

  8. Jang JW, Iwasaki I (1988) Effect of martensite and austenite on grinding media wear. Wear 122:285–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Modi OP, Mondal DP, Prasad BK, Singh M, Khaira HK (2003) Abrasive wear behaviour of a high carbon steel: effects of microstructure and experimental parameters and correlation with mechanical properties. Mater Sci Eng A 343:235–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shaeri MH, Saghafian H, Shabestari SG (2012) Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr–Mo steels (FMU-226) used in mills liner. Mater Des 34:192–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sabih A, Radziszewski P, Mullany I (2017) Investigating grinding media differences in microstructure, hardness, abrasion and fracture toughness. Miner Eng 103–104:43–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. ASTM E3-01: Standard practice for preparation of metallographic specimens. American Standard for Testing Materials, West Conshoocken, PA, pp 1–8, 03.01 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  13. ASTM E18-03 (2003) Standard test methods for Rockwell hardness and Rockwell superficial hardness of metallic materials. American Standard for Testing Materials, West Conshoocken, PA, pp 116–129, 03.01 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. ASTM 140-02: Standard hardness conversion tables for metals relationship among brinell hardness, vickers hardness, rockwell hardness, superficial hardness, knoop hardness, and scleroscope hardness. American Standard for Testing Materials, West Conshoocken, PA, 03.01 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  15. ASTM E23-02a: Standard test methods for notched bar impact testing of metallic materials. PA: American Standard for Testing Materials, West Conshoocken, 3.01 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Elwazri AM, Wanjara P, Yuea S (2005) The effect of microstructural characteristics of pearlite on the mechanical properties of hypereutectoid steel. Mater Sci Eng A 404:91–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Eshghian R, Abbasi M (2017) Wear and failure analysis of semi-autogenous grinding mill liners. J Fail Anal Prev 17:340–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the University of Syiah Kuala for providing the research fund. We are also grateful to PT Nusa Halmahera Minerals for providing low alloy steel grinding media.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Husni Usman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Usman, H., Fonna, S., Huzni, S., Ramadhan, T.I., Octaviantana, T. (2021). The Effect of Hardening on Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Steel Grinding Media. In: Akhyar (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Experimental and Computational Mechanics in Engineering. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0736-3_43

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0736-3_43

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-0735-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-0736-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics