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Peptide-Based Antiviral Drugs

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Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1322))

Abstract

Three types of chemical entities, namely, small organic molecules (organics), peptides, and biologics, are mainly used as drug candidates for the treatment of various diseases. Even though the peptide drugs are known since 1920 in association with the clinical use of insulin, only a limited number of peptides are currently used for therapeutics due to various disadvantages associated with them such as limited serum and blood stability, oral bioavailability, and permeability. Since, through chemical modifications and structure tuning, many of these limitations can be overcome, peptide-based drugs are gaining attention in pharmaceutical research. As of today, there are more than 60 peptide-based drugs approved by FDA, and over 150 peptides are in the advanced clinical studies. In this book chapter, the peptide-based lead compounds and drugs available for treating various viral diseases and their advantages and disadvantages when compared to small molecules drugs are discussed.

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Abbreviations

3LPro:

3 L main protease

ACE-2:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

BKV:

BK virus

CLPro:

Chymotrypsin-like protease

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

CoV:

Coronavirus

DCC:

N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FMDV:

Foot-and-mouth disease virus

Fmoc:

9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl

HAdV:

Human adenovirus

HATU:

Hexafluorophosphate Azabenzotriazole Tetramethyl Uronium

HBTU:

Hexafluorophosphate Benzotriazole Tetramethyl Uronium

HD:

Human defensin

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HPIV:

Human parainfluenza virus

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

IAV:

Influenza A virus

MERS:

Middle East respiratory syndrome

PIV:

Parainfluenza virus

PyBOP:

Benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate

RSV:

Respiratory syncytial virus

SARS:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

SPPS:

Solid-phase peptide synthesis

VSV:

Vesicular stomatitis virus

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgments

KMPR acknowledges the financial support through high priority COVID-19 research projects from Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) [IPA/2020/000285], the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) [BT/PR-40921/COT/142/13/2020], and the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) [54/14/10//2020-BRNS/37083] of the Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    N. Arul Murugan

  2. Chemical Biology and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India

    K. Muruga Poopathi Raja

  3. School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Sastra Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

    N. T. Saraswathi

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  1. N. Arul Murugan
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  2. K. Muruga Poopathi Raja
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  3. N. T. Saraswathi
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Correspondence to N. Arul Murugan or K. Muruga Poopathi Raja .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Xinyong Liu

  2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Peng Zhan

  3. – Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Luis Menéndez-Arias

  4. Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark

    Vasanthanathan Poongavanam

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Murugan, N.A., Raja, K.M.P., Saraswathi, N.T. (2021). Peptide-Based Antiviral Drugs. In: Liu, X., Zhan, P., Menéndez-Arias, L., Poongavanam, V. (eds) Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1322. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_10

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