Skip to main content

Understanding the Dynamics of Emotions During the Design Process

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Design for Tomorrow—Volume 2

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 222))

Abstract

Research on emotion and design literature has relied primarily on the product generated by the designers and the emotional experience felt by the users while using the product. A limited number of studies have addressed the dynamics of the designer's emotions during the design process. This exploratory study attempts to understand the emotional experience of designers during the design process with supporting empirical evidence. Twenty-five designers were asked to carry out a design task for a limited period of time. The data was analyzed using the FBS ontology framework, linkography, and PANAS ratings to establish the dynamics of the emotions during the design process based on the video and audio recordings of the task. This study demonstrates mostly positive affect throughout the design process with associated high entropy scores and high outcomes, where the affective states varied between different time intervals and at different phases of the design process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ekman, P., Davidson, R.J. (eds.).: Series in affective science. In: The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions. Oxford University Press (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Blanchette, I., Richards, A.: The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning. Cogn. Emot. 24(4), 561–595 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. De Dreu, C.K., Baas, M., Nijstad, B.A.: Hedonic tone and activation level in the mood-creativity link: toward a dual pathway to creativity model. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 94(5), 739–756 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Norman, D.A.: Emotional Design: Why We Love (or hate) Everyday Things. Basic Civitas Books (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Singh, A.: Managing Emotion in Design Innovation. CRC Press (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  6. McDonagh, D., Hekkert, P., Van Erp, J., Gyi, D.: Design and Emotion. CRC Press (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Simon, H.A.: The structure of Ill structured problems. Artif. Intell. 4(1), 181–201 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Buchanan, R.: Wicked problems in design thinking. Des. Issues 8(2), 5–21 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Howard, T.J., Culley, S.J., Dekoninck, E.: Describing the creative design process by the integration of engineering design and cognitive psychology literature. Des. Stud. 29(2), 160–180 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Dorst, K., Cross, N.: Creativity in the design process: co-evolution of problem–solution. Des. Stud. 22(5), 425–437 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Eastman, C.: On the analysis of intuitive design processes. In: Moore, G.T. (ed.) Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning: Proceedings of the Design Methods Group First International Conference, pp 21–37. Cambridge, Mass (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Rochberg-Halton, E.: The Meaning of Things: Domestic Symbols and the Self. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Desmet, P.M.A.: Inspire and desire. In: Desmet, P.M.A., van Erp, J., Karlsson, M.A. (eds.) Design and Emotion Moves, pp. 108–127. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ho, A.G., Siu, K.W.M.G.: Emotion design, emotional design, emotionalize design: a review on their relationships from a new perspective. Des. J. 15(1), 9–32 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hutchinson, A., Tracey, M.W.: Designers’ own emotions and the practice of designing: a literature review and preliminary research agenda. J. Des. Res. 15(3–4), 197–213 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Biagioli, M., Grimaldi, S., Ali, H.: Designer's emotions inthe design process. In: Design Research Society 2018: Catalyst, pp. 25–28. Limerick, Ireland (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cross, N., Cross, A.C.: Observations of teamwork and social processes in design. Des. Stud. 16(2), 143–170 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dorst, K., Dijkhuis, J.: Comparing paradigms for describing design activity. Des. Stud. 16(2), 261–274 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Olson, G.M., Olson, J.S.: Distance matters. Human-Comput. Interaction 15(2–3), 139–178 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kan, J.W., Gero, J.S.: Acquiring information from linkography in protocol studies of designing. Des. Stud. 29(4), 315–337 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gero, J.S., Mc Neill, T.: An approach to the analysis of design protocols. Des. Stud. 19(1), 21–61 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hughes, J., Parkes, S.: Trends in the use of verbal protocol analysis in software engineering research. Behav. Inf. Technol. 22(2), 127–140 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Goldschmidt, G.: Linkography: Unfolding the Design Process. MIT Press (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gero, J.S.: Design prototypes: a knowledge representation schema for design. AI Mag. 11(4), 26–26 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kan, J.W., Gero, J.S.: Quantitative Methods for Studying Design Protocols. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Meiselman, H.L. (ed.).: Emotion Measurement. Woodhead Publishing (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mauss, I.B., Robinson, M.D.: Measures of emotion: A review. Cogn. Emot. 23(2), 209–237 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., Cuthbert, B.N.: Motivated attention: affect, activation, and action. Attent. Orienting Sens. Motivation. Process. 97, 135 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Pourmohamadi, M., Gero, J.S.: LINKOgrapher: An analysis tool to study design protocols based on FBS coding scheme. In: DS 68–2: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 11), Impacting Society through Engineering Design, Vol. 2: Design Theory and Research Methodology, Lyngby/Copenhagen, Denmark (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ekkekakis, P.: The Measurement of Affect, Mood, and Emotion: A Guide for Health-Behavioral Research. Cambridge University Press (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Peilloux, A., Botella, M.: Ecological and dynamical study of the creative process and affects of scientific students working in groups. Creat. Res. J. 28(2), 165–170 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. McMakin, D.L., Santiago, C.D., Shirk, S.R.: The time course of positive and negative emotion in dysphoria. J. Pos. Psychol. 4(2), 182–192 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Koydemir, S., Şimşek, Ö.F., Schütz, A., Tipandjan, A.: Differences in how trait emotional intelligence predicts life satisfaction: the role of affect balance versus social support in India and Germany. J. Happiness Stud. 14(1), 51–66 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Cacioppo, J.T., Berntson, G.G.: Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: a critical review, with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates. Psychol. Bull. 115(3), 401 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Botella, M., Zenasni, F., Lubart, T.: A dynamic and ecological approach to the artistic creative process of arts students: an empirical contribution. Emp. Stud. Arts 29(1), 17–38 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Blom, P.M., Bakkes, S., Tan, C.T., Whiteson, S., Roijers, D., Valenti, R., Gevers, T.: Towards personalized gaming via facial expression recognition. In: Tenth Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mritunjay Kumar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kumar, M., Roy, S., Bhushan, B., Sameer, A., Mittal, S., Sarkar, B. (2021). Understanding the Dynamics of Emotions During the Design Process. In: Chakrabarti, A., Poovaiah, R., Bokil, P., Kant, V. (eds) Design for Tomorrow—Volume 2. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 222. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0119-4_38

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0119-4_38

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-0118-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-0119-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics