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Growth and Characterization of ZnO Nanostructures: Materials for CO and Ethanol Sensing

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Computational Mathematics, Nanoelectronics, and Astrophysics (CMNA 2018)

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Abstract

Controlled growth of ZnO-based nanostructures, starting from a vertical nanowall surface morphology to laterally grown highly anisotropic nanorods/wires formation has successfully been achieved by controlled thermal oxidation of thin Zn films for a temperature range of 100–700 °C. The as-grown ZnO nanorods were further used for carbon monoxide gas sensing at low temperatures (down to 150 °C) as well as ethanol vapour sensing at room temperatures. Thin films of Zn were deposited on glass and silicon substrate at room temperature, using a vacuum-assisted thermal evaporation technique. Structure, morphology and chemical property of ZnO layers were investigated using various surface characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD and SEM results are in very good correlation and showed vertical growth morphology of ZnO nanowall/sheet structures at a relatively lower oxidation temperature up to 400 °C. However, at higher oxidation temperature, lateral growths started to dominate over the vertical growth. Oxidation at 700 °C appeared with laterally grown one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanowires/rods of high density. Raman spectroscopy and XPS results suggested that the vertical growth is mainly initiated by the metallic Zn film morphology, whereas the lateral growth is strongly dominated by the oxide (ZnO) formation. Finally, laterally grown ZnO nanorods could successfully sense CO gas and ethanol vapour. A drastic enhancement in CO gas sensitivity for a concentration of 230 ppm was clearly observed in dynamic gas flow mode even for a wide range of operating temperature.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the DST-FIST sponsored powder XRD support of the Department of Physics and the vacuum deposition system of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of BITS Pilani for the Cu film deposition. We also acknowledge the instrumental support (gas sensing measurements) from the CEERI, Pilani. We are also thankful for the financial support from the ‘BITS Research Initiation Grant' from BITS, Pilani.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, (BITS) Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India

    Sumita Choudhary & Subhashis Gangopadhyay

  2. CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI) Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India

    Ajay Agarwal & Vikas Saini

  3. Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, (BITS) Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India

    Arnab Hazra

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  1. Sumita Choudhary
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  2. Ajay Agarwal
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  5. Subhashis Gangopadhyay
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Correspondence to Subhashis Gangopadhyay .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Shaibal Mukherjee

  2. Department of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Abhirup Datta

  3. Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Santanu Manna

  4. Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Swadesh Kumar Sahoo

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Choudhary, S., Agarwal, A., Saini, V., Hazra, A., Gangopadhyay, S. (2021). Growth and Characterization of ZnO Nanostructures: Materials for CO and Ethanol Sensing. In: Mukherjee, S., Datta, A., Manna, S., Sahoo, S.K. (eds) Computational Mathematics, Nanoelectronics, and Astrophysics. CMNA 2018. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, vol 342. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9708-4_12

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