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Algal Bioeconomy: A Platform for Clean Energy and Fuel

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Biorefineries: A Step Towards Renewable and Clean Energy

Part of the book series: Clean Energy Production Technologies ((CEPT))

Abstract

Global industrial operations and commodity productions rely on fossil fuels that are non-renewable resources, projected to be exhausted by 2050. To mitigate and compensate for the high-end use of fossil fuel consumption, the use of renewable energy resources, i.e., biomass, wind, and solar energy is getting attention recently. Using photosynthetic organisms, algae is a viable alternative to produce food, feed, and fuels as algae are considered as one of the most robust species and commercially exploited for CO2 capturing or for water clean-up (i.e., remove pollutants and heavy metals at industrial settings). Very few produce high-value products using algae, e.g., carotenoids, vitamins, and pharmaceuticals that required extensive process integration and clean operations, but biohydrogen production using the algal platform was very scarce. Considering the future clean, green, and bio-circular economy, using algal technology to produce clean fuel hydrogen will be attractive and scalable. This chapter has summarized and culminated the literature about algal microbiology, mechanisms involved in the production of biohydrogen techniques, and the various secondary metabolites co-produced during the process of the algal hydrogen production platform. The chapter also listed and discussed the effect of various parameters on improving the biohydrogen yield and knowledge gaps to address shortly.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

C/N:

Carbon/nitrogen

Cyt. b6f:

Cytochrome b6f complex

EPBR:

Electrochemical photobioreactor

FBR:

Flat-panel bioreactor

FCEVs:

Fuel cell electric vehicles

Fd:

Ferredoxin

GHG:

Greenhouse gases

H+:

Protons

HEVs :

Hybrid electric vehicles

NAD+:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADP:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADPH:

Reduced form of NADP+

PBR:

Packed-bed bioreactor

PC:

Plastocyanin

pH:

Power of hydrogen or potential for hydrogen

PQ:

Plastoquinone

PS I:

Photosystem I

PS II:

Photosystem II

PS:

Photosystem

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

STBR:

Stirred-tank bioreactor

TBR:

Tubular bioreactor

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There is no conflict of interest between authors.

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Author notes

  1. Meenakshi Singh, Murthy Chavali, Manoj Kumar Enamala, Parthiba Karthikeyan Obulisamy, Rishibha Dixit and Chandrasekhar Kuppam contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

    Meenakshi Singh

  2. PG Department of Chemistry, Dharma Appa Rao College (DARC), Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Murthy Chavali

  3. NTRC-MCETRC and Aarshanano Composite Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Murthy Chavali

  4. Bioserve Biotechnologies Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Manoj Kumar Enamala

  5. Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Parthiba Karthikeyan Obulisamy

  6. Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Rishibha Dixit

  7. Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

    Chandrasekhar Kuppam

Authors
  1. Meenakshi Singh
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  2. Murthy Chavali
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  3. Manoj Kumar Enamala
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  4. Parthiba Karthikeyan Obulisamy
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  5. Rishibha Dixit
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  6. Chandrasekhar Kuppam
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

    Pradeep Verma

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Singh, M., Chavali, M., Enamala, M.K., Obulisamy, P.K., Dixit, R., Kuppam, C. (2020). Algal Bioeconomy: A Platform for Clean Energy and Fuel. In: Verma, P. (eds) Biorefineries: A Step Towards Renewable and Clean Energy. Clean Energy Production Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9593-6_13

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