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Vascular Basement Membrane Thickening: Basis of Disease Pathology in Diabetic Retinopathy

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Advances in Vision Research, Volume III

Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common forms of microvascular complications of diabetes. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this debilitating ocular complication that holds particular significance due to its detrimental effects on vision, which ultimately leads to vision loss and blindness. Hyperglycemia, the most prominent characteristic of diabetes, plays a major role in initiating the development and progression of DR. One of the histological hallmarks of the pathogenesis of DR is characterized by the thickening of the basement membrane (BM). Abnormalities in the BM ultrastructure affect retinal vascular cell attachment and compromises the inner blood–retinal barrier. While strides are being made to better understand the cellular events regulating retinal capillary BM thickening, including high glucose-induced upregulation of type IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin genes together with decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities, and its role in the pathogenesis of DR, the focus is now to apply effective strategies to prevent BM thickening to establish its therapeutic potential.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported in part by a grant NIH R01EY025528 (SR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Aravind Sankaramoorthy & Sayon Roy

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

    Aravind Sankaramoorthy & Sayon Roy

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  1. Aravind Sankaramoorthy
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  2. Sayon Roy
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Correspondence to Sayon Roy .

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  1. National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Gyan Prakash

  2. National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Takeshi Iwata

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Sankaramoorthy, A., Roy, S. (2021). Vascular Basement Membrane Thickening: Basis of Disease Pathology in Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Prakash, G., Iwata, T. (eds) Advances in Vision Research, Volume III. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9184-6_20

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