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Channelrhodopsin-Dependent Photo-Behavioral Responses in the Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

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Optogenetics

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1293))

Abstract

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are the light-gated ion channels that have opened the research field of optogenetics. They were originally identified in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a biciliated unicellular alga that inhabits in freshwater, swims with the cilia, and undergoes photosynthesis. It has various advantages as an experimental organism and is used in a wide range of research fields including photosynthesis, cilia, and sexual reproduction. ChRs function as the primary photoreceptor for the cell’s photo-behavioral responses, seen as changes in the manner of swimming after photoreception. In this chapter, we will introduce C. reinhardtii as an experimental organism and explain our current understanding of how the cell senses light and shows photo-behavioral responses.

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Abbreviations

CGL:

Carotenoid granule layers

ChR:

Channelrhodopsin

Cop:

Chlamyopsin

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

IFT:

Intraflagellar transport

PRC:

Photoreceptor current

PSY:

Phytoene synthase

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Ritsu Kamiya (Univ. Tokyo, Chuo Univ.) for critical reading of this manuscript, and Dr. Masafumi Hirono (Hosei Univ.) and Mr. Satoaki So (Tokyo Tech) for discussion. CC-5499 was made by Ms. Olga Baidukova in the Peter Hegemann’s Laboratory in Humboldt University of Berlin, and purchased from Chlamydomonas Resource Center. This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grants 19H03242 to KW, 19K23758 to NU, by Ohsumi Frontier Science Foundation to KW, by Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment and Materials to KW, and by the Assistant Staffing Program by the Gender Equality Promotion Section, Office of Public Engagement, Tokyo Institute of Technology to AI and KW.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan

    Ken-ichi Wakabayashi & Atsuko Isu

  2. School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan

    Ken-ichi Wakabayashi

  3. Science Research Center, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan

    Noriko Ueki

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  1. Ken-ichi Wakabayashi
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  2. Atsuko Isu
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  3. Noriko Ueki
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Correspondence to Ken-ichi Wakabayashi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

    Hiromu Yawo

  2. OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan

    Hideki Kandori

  3. National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

    Amane Koizumi

  4. Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Ryoichiro Kageyama

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Wakabayashi, i., Isu, A., Ueki, N. (2021). Channelrhodopsin-Dependent Photo-Behavioral Responses in the Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In: Yawo, H., Kandori, H., Koizumi, A., Kageyama, R. (eds) Optogenetics. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1293. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_2

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