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Improvements of Strength of Layered Polypropylene Reinforced by Carbon Fiber by its Sizing Film and Electron Beam Under Protective Nitrogen Gas Atmosphere

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Carbon Related Materials

Abstract

In a layered carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CFRTP) composite composed of 3 cross-weave carbon fiber (CF) cloth sheets between 4 polypropylene (PP) mats, [PP]4[CF]3 (55 vol%-CFs), effects of: (1) factory provided sized CF (sizing film (SF) coated CFs with nano-scale rough surface after anodic oxidization), and (2) electron beam irradiation (EBI) under protective nitrogen gas atmosphere to SFF-CF (sizing film free and bare CFs with nano-scale rough surface after anodic oxidation) prior to assembly with PP layers and hot-press, on bending strength (σb) at median-accumulative probability (Pf = 0.50) were investigated. Firstly, the sizing film (SF) improved the σb 36% from 38 to 52 MPa over that of SFF-CF. Improvements by the SF itself could be explained by acting as a buffer adhering to both PP and CFs increasing fiber pullout and delamination resistance with friction force (Ff) of entangling of PP and SF polymer on CF with weak molecular bonds at SF/CF interface, larger than that of point contacts of PP and CF at PP/CF interface. Secondly, applying 0.22 and 0.30 MGy-EBI treatments to CF surfaces with and without sizing film under protective N2 gas atmosphere prior to assembly and hot-press improved σb, 6% from 52 to 55 MPa and 45% from 38 to 55 MPa, respectively. Improvements of CFs with and without sizing film treated by EBI in N2 gas can be explained by strong covalent bonds formation at PP/CF interface as direct (CF:\(\boxed{\text{C:C}}\):PP), and indirect (CF:\(\boxed{\text{N:N}}\):PP and CF:\(\boxed{\text{C:O:C}}\):PP) contacts induced by N2 gas molecules and trace gaseous impurities, in addition to weak molecular bonds CF–(H2O, N2, O2)–PP.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge Mr. Yasuo Miyamoto for his great assistance with the EPMA and Mr. Yoshiki Oda for his keen help with the NMR. Sincere gratitude also goes to Mr. Naruya Tsuyuki, Mr. Anna Takahashi, Mr. Syo Ishii, Mr. Daisuke Kitahara, Mr. Ryo Nomura, Mr. Hitoki Hasegawa and Prof. Yoshihito Matsumura of Tokai University for their useful help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259–1292, Japan

    Yoshitake Nishi, Shodai Kitagawa, Michael C. Faudree, Helmut Takahiro Uchida, Masae Kanda, Sagiri Takase, Akira Tonegawa & Hideki Kimura

  2. Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo City University, Yokohama, 224-8551, Japan

    Michael C. Faudree

  3. Center of Applied Superconductivity & Sustainable Energy Research, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan

    Masae Kanda

  4. Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, 243-0435, Japan

    Satoru Kaneko

  5. Sagamihara Surface Treatment Laboratory, Sagamihara, 252-0243, Japan

    Tamio Endo

  6. École Centrale de Lyon, Ecully Cedex, 69134, France

    Michelle Salvia

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  1. Yoshitake Nishi
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Correspondence to Yoshitake Nishi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan

    Satoru Kaneko

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

    Masami Aono

  3. Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, București, Romania

    Alina Pruna

  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Musa Can

  5. Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Paolo Mele

  6. Faculty of Engineering, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Mehmet Ertugrul

  7. Japan Advanced Chemicals, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan

    Tamio Endo

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Nishi, Y. et al. (2021). Improvements of Strength of Layered Polypropylene Reinforced by Carbon Fiber by its Sizing Film and Electron Beam Under Protective Nitrogen Gas Atmosphere. In: Kaneko, S., et al. Carbon Related Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7610-2_12

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