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Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide by Microorganism and Production of Value Added Product

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Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology

Abstract

The rising carbon dioxide (CO2) emission leading to global climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges that the world faces today. The link between the anthropogenic CO2 emissions and its increased atmospheric concentration resulting in global average temperature rise and consequent sea level rise is well established. The CO2 mitigation can be achieved by three means: first by improving energy efficiency, second by CO2 capture and sequestration, and the third option is use of alternative clean fuels (biohydrocarbon, biodiesel, etc.). The most important global carbon sinks are green plants, algae, and some photosynthetic and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Some microbes fix CO2 with the help of special enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase, Rubisco, and other carboxylases. These include the Calvin cycle, reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, Hydroxypropionate–hydroxybutyrate cycle, Dicarboxylate–hydroxybutyrate cycle, and 3-hydroxypropionate pathway. Calvin cycle is the most prominent cycle found in the autotrophic organism and Rubisco is the key enzyme for CO2 fixation. In this scheme, the sugar bisphosphate ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP) serves as the acceptor molecule for CO2, with the enzyme Rubisco catalyzing the actual primary CO2 fixation reaction. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible dehydration of HCO3 − to CO2. Here the CA functions to convert an accumulated cytosolic pool of HCO3 − into CO2 within the carboxysome. It can assist in elevating CO2 concentrations around Rubisco. Some microbes synthesize valuable products such as different types of alkanes/alkenes/Lipids/TAG which can be utilized for biofuel production after sequestration of CO2. Biodiesel is produced from TAG by transesterification reaction in the presence of methanol and catalyst.

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Acknowledgments

Authors gratefully acknowledge the School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi,India, Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India and University School of Environmental Management (Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University) for their kind support. One of the author (Randhir K. Bharti) is thankful to D.S Kothari Post-Doctoral Fellowship (BL/17-18/0164), UGC, Govt of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Randhir K. Bharti & I. S. Thakur

  2. Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India

    Shaili Srivastava

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  1. Randhir K. Bharti
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  2. Shaili Srivastava
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  3. I. S. Thakur
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Anoop Singh

  2. Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana, India

    Shaili Srivastava

  3. School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Dheeraj Rathore

  4. Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Antwerpen, Belgium

    Deepak Pant

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Bharti, R.K., Srivastava, S., Thakur, I.S. (2021). Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide by Microorganism and Production of Value Added Product. In: Singh, A., Srivastava, S., Rathore, D., Pant, D. (eds) Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7493-1_11

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