Biological, Biochemical, and Biodiversity of Biomolecules from Marine-Based Beneficial Microorganisms: Industrial Perspective

Abstract

Beneficial marine microorganisms are not only of significance for the production of useful variety of substances, but also perform unique roles in element cycles with animals and plants. Beneficial marine microorganisms have been recognized as a repository of useful beneficial biomolecules with several industrial applications. Moreover, there are several challenges that mitigate against the successful determination of these molecules of special interest as well as the detection of these beneficial microorganisms from the microbial marine environments, biological and biodiversity. The application of molecular biology techniques are valuable methods for evaluating the biodiversity and biological characteristics of marine bacterial communities and its biomolecules. These techniques are generally adopted for two different types of bacterial species such as the culturable and nonculturable bacteria. Therefore, this chapter intends to explore the industrial relevance of several compounds derived from marine environment. These molecules and bioactive peptides have been identified to perform diverse biological functions such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, antihypertensive activity, anticancer activity, and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. Moreover, more emphasis was placed on the different types of methods that could be utilized for evaluating different types of marine bioactive peptides such as organic synthesis, chemical hydrolysis, microwave-assisted extraction, and enzyme hydrolysis, respectively. Also, the modes of action of these biologically active compounds were highlighted.