Abstract
The biosynthesis of commercialized carotenoids (e.g., lycopene, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin) using recombinant microorganisms is one of the reasonable and cost-effective alternatives to extraction from natural sources and chemical synthesis. Among heterologous hosts, Escherichia coli is one of the most useful and manageable. To date, many approaches using recombinant E. coli are available to produce various carotenoids. Here we outline the latest carotenoid production research using recombinant E. coli produced through pathway engineering and its future prospects.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albrecht M, Misawa N, Sandmann G (1999) Metabolic engineering of the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway of Escherichia coli for production of the carotenoids β-carotene and zeaxanthin. Biotechnol Lett 21:791–795. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005547827380
Alper H, Stephanopoulos G (2008) Uncovering the gene knockout landscape for improved lycopene production in E. coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 78:801–810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1373-x
Alper H, Fischer C, Nevoigt E, Stephanopoulos G (2005a) Tuning genetic control through promoter engineering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:12678–12683. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0504604102
Alper H, Jin YS, Moxley JF, Stephanopoulos G (2005b) Identifying gene targets for the metabolic engineering of lycopene biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 7:155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2004.12.003
Alper H, Miyaoku K, Stephanopoulos G (2005c) Construction of lycopene-overproducing E. coli strains by combining systematic and combinatorial gene knockout targets. Nat Biotechnol 23:612–616. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1083
Campos N, Rodríguez-Concepción M, Sauret-Güeto S, Gallego F, Lois LM, Boronata (2001) Escherichia coli engineered to synthesize isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate from mevalonate: a novel system for the genetic analysis of the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Biochem J 353:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1042/0264-6021:3530059
Doshi R, Nguyen T, Chang G (2013) Transporter-mediated biofuel secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:7642–7647. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301358110
Furubayashi M, Ikezumi M, Takaichi S, Maoka T, Hemmi H, Ogawa T, Saito K, Tobias AV, Umeno D (2015) A highly selective biosynthetic pathway to non-natural C50 carotenoids assembled from moderately selective enzymes. Nat Commun 6:7534. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8534
Harada H, Yu F, Okamoto S, Kuzuyama T, Utsumi R, Misawa N (2009) Efficient synthesis of functional isoprenoids from acetoacetate through metabolic pathway-engineered Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 81:915–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1724-7
Jin YS, Stephanopoulos G (2007) Multi-dimensional gene target search for improving lycopene biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 9:337–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2007.03.003
Kajiwara S, Fraser PD, Kondo K, Misawa N (1997) Expression of an exogenous isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase gene enhances isoprenoid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Biochem J 324:421–426. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3240421
Kakinuma K, Dekishima Y, Matsushima Y, Eguchi T, Misawa N, Takagi M, Kuzuyama T, Seto H (2001) New approach to multiply deuterated isoprenoids using triply engineered Escherichia coli and its potential as a tool for mechanistic enzymology. J Am Chem Soc 123:1238–1239. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja003390y
Kang MJ, Lee YM, Yoon SH, Kim JH, Ock SW, Jung KH, Shin YC, Keasling JD, Kim SW (2005) Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in Escherichia coli using a shot-gun method. Biotechnol Bioeng 91:636–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20539
Martin VJJ, Pitera DJ, Withers ST, Newman JD, Keasling JD (2003) Engineering a mevalonate pathway in Escherichia coli for production of terpenoids. Nat Biotechnol 21:796–802. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt833
Misawa N (2011) Pathway engineering for functional isoprenoids. Curr Opin Biotechnol 22:627–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.01.002
Misawa N, Nakagawa M, Kobayashi K, Yamano S, Izawa Y, Nakamura K, Harashima K (1990) Elucidation of the Erwinia uredovora carotenoid biosynthetic pathway by functional analysis of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 172:6704–6712
Osawa A, Harada H, Choi SK, Misawa N, Shindo K (2011) Production of caloxanthin 3′-β-D-glucoside, zeaxanthin 3,3′-β-D-diglucoside, and nostoxanthin in a recombinant Escherichia coli expressing system harboring seven carotenoid biosynthesis genes, including crtX and crtG. Phytochemistry 72:711–716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.017
Rohmer M, Knani M, Simonin P, Sutter B, Sahm H (1993) Isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria: a novel pathway for the early steps leading to isopentenyl diphosphate. Biochem J 295(Pt 2):517–524. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2950517
Umeno D, Arnold FH (2003) A C35 carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:3573–3579. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.6.3573-3579.2003
Umeno D, Arnold FH (2004) Evolution of a pathway to novel long-chain carotenoids. J Bacteriol 186:1531–1536. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.5.1531-1536.2004
Vadali RV, Fu Y, Bennett GN, San KY (2005) Enhanced lycopene productivity by manipulation of carbon flow to isopentenyl diphosphate in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Prog 21:1558–1561. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp050124l
Yoon SH, Lee YM, Kim JE, Lee SH, Lee JH, Kim JY, Jung KH, Shin YC, Keasling JD, Kim SW (2006) Enhanced lycopene production in Escherichia coli engineered to synthesize isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate from mevalonate. Biotechnol Bioeng 94:1025–1032. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20912
Yuan LZ, Rouvière PE, Larossa RA, Suh W (2006) Chromosomal promoter replacement of the isoprenoid pathway for enhancing carotenoid production in E. coli. Metab Eng 8:79–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2005.08.005
Zhang C, Chen X, Zou R, Zhou K, Stephanopoulos G, Too H-P (2013) Combining genotype improvement and statistical media optimization for isoprenoid production in E. coli. PLoS One 8:e75164. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075164
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harada, H. (2021). Pathway Engineering Using Escherichia coli to Produce Commercialized Carotenoids. In: Misawa, N. (eds) Carotenoids: Biosynthetic and Biofunctional Approaches. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1261. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-7359-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-7360-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)