Abstract
Index modulation (IM) is one of the emerging techniques for enabling beyond 5G (B5G) wireless communications. It has the potential to meet the stringent energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) requirements of B5G systems with better error rate performance over the conventional techniques. IM relaxes the need for activating all the resources at the transmitter to transmit the information, thereby allowing low-complexity transmitter architecture designs. The key idea behind IM is to encode the information in the indices of the available resources at the transmitter such as antenna, sub-carriers in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, time-slots, and radio frequency (RF) mirrors. Massive-MIMO is another such promising technique which provides unprecedented growth in both EE and SE for B5G wireless systems. Spatial multiplexed massive-MIMO is shown to achieve the unbelievable capacity gains over the conventional MIMO systems. However, achieving such gains requires dedicated signal processing resources for each antenna which increase the cost, area, and power-requirement at the transmitter. Interestingly, through IM in massive-MIMO, exceptionally high EE and SE can be achieved with minimal use of the available resources. Recently, multi-dimensional IM (MIM), wherein multiple resources are indexed simultaneously during transmission to enhance the SE further, has attracted researchers and experts from both academia and industry. In this chapter, we discuss different IM and MIM techniques, their representations, and advantages in B5G communications. In particular, we discuss spatial modulation, generalized spatial modulation, media-based modulation, and their possible combinations as MIM in detail. We also shed the light on the maximum-likelihood detection of information symbols in such systems.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Start-up research grant, Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) (File no. SRG/2019/000654) of Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India for supporting the research work. Authors would also like to thank Visvesvaraya PhD scheme of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India for their support.
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Mandloi, M., Datta, A., Bhatia, V. (2021). Index Modulation Techniques for 5G and Beyond Wireless Systems. In: Mandloi, M., Gurjar, D., Pattanayak, P., Nguyen, H. (eds) 5G and Beyond Wireless Systems. Springer Series in Wireless Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6390-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6390-4_4
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