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Nanophytomedicine Ethical Issues, Regulatory Aspects, and Challenges

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Nanophytomedicine

Abstract

Herbal medicines have been used around the globe since times immemorial. Nanophytomedicine is an emerging domain of medicine which helps to encapsulate the active phytoconstituents from medicinal plants and treat various diseases such as cancer and diabetes. So it is very crucial to identify the potential active phytoconstituents and encapsulate them to treat diseases without any major side effects. Nanophytomedicine has led to increment in the bioavailability of water and therapeutic compounds which are insoluble by utilizing drug formulations of various combinatorial. Increasing evidence has suggested that phyto-bioactive compounds show enhanced benefits in curing various diseases. Curcumin, resveratrol, ginsenosides, quercetin, and catechin are phyto-derived bioactive compounds with important roles in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. However, in vivo studies suggest that their concentrations are very low to cross blood–brain barrier thereby it limits bioavailability, stability, and dissolution at target sites in the brain. To overcome these problems, nanophytomedicine with the controlled size of 1–100 nm is used to maximize efficiency. Nanosizing of phyto-bioactive compounds enhances the permeability into the brain with maximized efficiency and stability. Several nano-delivery techniques, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoliposomes, and nanoniosomes can be used for controlled delivery of nano-bioactive compounds to brain. Nanocompounds, such as ginsenosides (19.9 nm) synthesized using a nanoemulsion technique, showed enhanced bioavailability in the rat brain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Roohi Mohi-ud-din & Zulfiqar Ali Bhat

  2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Reyaz Hassan Mir & Mubashir Hussain Masoodi

  3. Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Faheem Hyder Pottoo

  4. Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Gifty Sawhney

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  1. Roohi Mohi-ud-din
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  2. Reyaz Hassan Mir
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  3. Faheem Hyder Pottoo
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  4. Gifty Sawhney
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  5. Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
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  6. Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
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Correspondence to Zulfiqar Ali Bhat .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sarwar Beg

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia

    Md Abul Barkat

  3. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Farhan Jalees Ahmad

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Mohi-ud-din, R., Mir, R.H., Pottoo, F.H., Sawhney, G., Masoodi, M.H., Bhat, Z.A. (2020). Nanophytomedicine Ethical Issues, Regulatory Aspects, and Challenges. In: Beg, S., Barkat, M., Ahmad, F. (eds) Nanophytomedicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4909-0_10

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