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State of the Art in Cryopreservation of Bivalve Spermatozoa

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Cryopreservation of Fish Gametes

Abstract

In the current context of decreasing, shrinking or disappearing of ecosystems, species, wild populations, local plant and animal varieties and local breeds of domestic animals, cryo-conservation is a powerful way to safeguard the highly endangered biodiversity. In this chapter, we review the present knowledge on the reproductive biology of different bivalve species and on the characteristics and quality of their spermatozoa, including their structure, motility, and energy metabolism. Moreover, we summarized the various ways to collect sperm prior to cryo-conservation and the different methodologies used for conservation of bivalve sperm: cold storage and the key steps of the cryo-conservation techniques commonly used to preserve the ability to move of the spermatozoa of these species, such as cryoprotectant selection and equilibration, packing of samples for freezing, cooling rate and freezing, and finally thawing. Taking in account the quality of sperm prior to freezing and understanding of the successive steps involved in the cryo-conservation process constitute an unescapable way to improve the success of this valuable technique for oysters and marine mollusk species sperm long-term preservation.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BLPO:

Black-lip pearl oyster

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

EG:

Ethylene glycol

EGTA:

Ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid

EO:

European oyster

GS:

Great scallop

JS:

Japanese scallop

LN:

Liquid nitrogen

MC:

Manila clam

OP:

Osmotic pressure

OXPHOS:

Oxidative phosphorylation

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PO:

Pacific oyster

SW:

Sea water

VAP:

Velocity of the average path

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Acknowledgements

Marina Demoy-Schneider work was supported by the French Ministère des Outremers and the research program “La cryo-conservation des spermatozoïdes de l’huître perlière Pinctada margaritifera, un atout pour une perliculture durable et la sauvegarde de sa biodiversité.” Jacky Cosson work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (CENAKVA: CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024 and CENAKVA II: LO1205 under the NPU I program, Biodiverzita: CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16 025/0007370), by the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice (125/2016/Z) and a grant from European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (No 652831 AQUAEXCEL2020).

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  1. UMR EIO 241, Université de la Polynésie Française, Tahiti, French Polynesia

    Demoy-Schneider Marina & Schmitt Nelly

  2. Ifremer, UMR 6539 Lemar, Site expérimental d’Argenton, Argenton en Landunvez, France

    Suquet Marc

  3. Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic

    Cosson Jacky

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  1. Department of Aquaculture, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India

    Judith Betsy

  2. Directorate of Sustainable Aquaculture, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

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Marina, DS., Nelly, S., Marc, S., Jacky, C. (2020). State of the Art in Cryopreservation of Bivalve Spermatozoa. In: Betsy, J., Kumar, S. (eds) Cryopreservation of Fish Gametes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4025-7_11

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