Skip to main content

A Study of Non-destructive Test (NDT) Results on Old Concrete Specimens Under Loaded and Unloaded Conditions and Their Crushing Strength

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
ICSDEMS 2019

Abstract

Concrete in the structures undergoes the environmental effect of changing weather during its life span and carries a certain minimum load. Some concrete structures suffer from damage due to weather effects of the environment at early age. Environmental effect with age on concrete specimens of different grades under loaded and unloaded conditions has been studied using; ultrasonic pulse velocity, rebound hammer, and crushing strength. A systematic planned experimental study (using ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer tests) has been conducted on unloaded and loaded concrete with 20% of expected crushing strength. The results of ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer obtained from concrete specimens of different strengths and ages have been correlated with their compressive strength. The experimental test results indicate that the pulse velocity response of concretes of different ages with regards to NDT and crushing strength show that lean mixes respond poorly under unloading and loading conditions. It can be also concluded that the average value of rebound hammer under loading and unloading conditions do not show a clear decreasing/increasing trend with increasing age. Based upon the experimental results it may be concluded that concretes of lower grades respond poorly with age due to environmental effect.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li, Z. (2011). Advance concrete technology (pp. 1–506). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Robert, A. S. (2015). An introduction to NDT common methods. British Institute of Non Destructive Testing, 2, 1–57.

    Google Scholar 

  3. International Atomic Energy Agency. (2002). Guidebook on non-destructive testing of concrete structures (Vol. 17, pp. 1–231). Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Committee, A. C. I. (2013). Report on non-destructive test methods for evaluation of concrete in structures. ACI, 228(2R), 1–98.

    Google Scholar 

  5. IS:13311 (Part 1)-1992, Indian Standard for method of test for ultrasonic pulse velocity test. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Committee, A. C. I. (2013). Report on in-place methods to estimate concrete strength. ACI, 228(1R), 1–44.

    Google Scholar 

  7. ASTM C805. (2018). Standard test method for rebound number of hardened concrete.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Al-Mufti, R. L., & Fried, A. N. (2012). The early age non-destructive testing of concrete made with recycled concrete aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 37, 379–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Cavadar, A., & Bingol, S. (2014). Suggestion of new formulations for Schimdt hammer and UPV test method for concrete. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress APMAS (Vol. 125, pp. 402–404).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Agunwamba, J. C., & Adagba, T. (2012). A comparative analysis of the rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity in testing concrete. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 31, 31–39.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rashid, K., & Waqas, R. (2017). Compressive strength evaluation by non-destructive techniques. Journal of Building Engineering, 5, 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Jain, A., Kathuria, A., Kumar, A., et al. (2013). Combine use of non-destructive test for assessment of strength of concrete in structure. Procedia Engineering, 54, 241–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Polimeno, M. R., Roselli, I., Luprano, V. A. M., et al. (2018). A non-destructive testing methodology for damage assessment of reinforced concrete building after seismic events. Engineering Structures, 163, 122–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Velay-Lizancos, M., Martinez-Lage, I., Azenha, M., et al. (2018). Compressive strength and non-destructive testing at early age. Construction and Building Materials, 193, 323–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bzeni, D. K. H., & Ihsan, M. A. (2013). Estimating strength of SCC using non-destructive combined method. In 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies (Vol. 8, pp. 1–8).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Popvics, S., & Povics, J. (1991). Effect of stress on ultrasonic pulse velocity in concrete. Materials and Structures, 24, 15–23.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Muller, P., Novak, J., Holan, J., et al. (2019). Destructive and non-destructive experimental investigation of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete subjected to high temperature. Journal of Building Engineering, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  18. IS: 516-1959, Indian Standard for Method of Tests for Strength of Concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  19. IS: 13311 (Part 1)-1992, Indian Standard for Method of Test for Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  20. IS: 13311 (Part 2)-1992, Indian Standard for Method of Test for Rebound Hammer. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ajmal Paktiawal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Paktiawal, A., Alam, M. (2021). A Study of Non-destructive Test (NDT) Results on Old Concrete Specimens Under Loaded and Unloaded Conditions and Their Crushing Strength. In: Emamian, S., Adekunle, T., Nangkula, U., Awang, M. (eds) ICSDEMS 2019. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3765-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3765-3_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-3764-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-3765-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics