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Pharmacology of Endocannabinoids and Their Receptors

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Frontiers in Pharmacology of Neurotransmitters

Abstract

The identification of cannabinoid (CB) receptors has contributed to the state-of-the-art on the endocannabinoid system and its elements. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are the endogenous agonists, derived from the conjugation of arachidonic acid with either ethanolamine (i.e. anandamide) or glycerol (i.e. 2-arachidonoylglycerol) acting as a lipid signaling mediator via two types of cannabinoid receptors (i.e. CB1 and CB2). Introduction of selective CB antagonists, inhibitors of eCB transport and metabolism, cannabinoid receptor-deficient mice and highlights on amidohydrolase have greatly facilitated the subsequent investigation of the eCB system. Moreover, modulation of the eCB system holds a promising therapeutic potential in the management of a myriad of pathophysiological conditions such as anxiety or mood disorders, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis, obesity and cancer among others. This chapter is comprehensively focused on the signal transduction and metabolic pathways, physiological roles, pharmacology and therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoids, with particular emphasis on cannabinoid addiction.

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Abbreviations

Abh4:

α/β-Hydrolase 4

2-AG:

2-Arachidonoylglycerol

CB:

Cannabinoid

CB1R:

Cannabinoid 1 receptor

CB2R:

Cannabinoid 2 receptor

CBD:

Cannabidiol

CBN:

Cannabinol

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

eCBs:

Endocannabinoids

FAAH:

Fatty acid amide hydrolase

GPCRs:

G protein-coupled receptors

MAGL:

Monoacylglycerol lipase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

NAPE:

N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine

PA2:

Phospholipase A2

pCBs:

Phytocannabinoids

PLA1:

PI-explicit phospholipase A1

PLC:

Phospholipase C

THC:

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India

    Gaurav Gupta & Sacchidanand Pathak

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan

    Wafa Hourani

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan

    Pran Kishore Deb

  4. Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Satyendra Deka & Pobitra Borah

  5. Alwar Pharmacy College, Alwar, India

    Juhi Tiwari

  6. Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Puneet Kumar

  7. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Puneet Kumar

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    Puneet Kumar

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    Pran Kishore Deb

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Gupta, G. et al. (2020). Pharmacology of Endocannabinoids and Their Receptors. In: Kumar, P., Deb, P.K. (eds) Frontiers in Pharmacology of Neurotransmitters. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3556-7_13

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