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The Role of Fitness Status in the Performance-Enhancing Effects of Dietary Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation: Meta-analysis and Meta-regression Analysis

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Enhancing Health and Sports Performance by Design (MoHE 2019)

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Abstract

A systematic evaluation of current evidence was conducted to clarify the potential of training status to influence the exercise performance enhancing (ergogenic) effect of dietary inorganic nitrate supplementation. Studies were located via PubMed, ProQuest and SPORTDiscus electronic databases reported according to the guidelines outlined in the statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria (70 trials). Random-effects meta-analyses was conducted, and meta-regressions were performed in a model with a priori potential moderator variables. Subgroup analysis revealed that NO3– supplementation was ergogenic in the lowest fitness category (i.e. \( \dot{V}\text{o}_{{2{ \hbox{max} }}} \) < 55.0 ml·kg−1·min−1) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07 to 0.27, p = 0.001], but elicited no significant effect in the upper realms of fitness category (\( \dot{V}\text{o}_{{2{ \hbox{max} }}} \) > 55.0 ml·kg−1·min−1) p > 0.05). Meta-regression revealed that baseline \( \dot{V}\text{o}_{{2{ \hbox{max} }}} \) and supplementation duration was negatively (R2 = −0.11, 95% CI: −0.02 to −0.00, p = 0.035) and positively (R2 = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.05, p = 0.047) associated with the mean performance change between NO3– and control condition, respectively. The current analysis indicates that NO3– supplementation can enhance exercise performance with an ergogenic effect more likely in untrained subjects and as the duration of supplementation increases.

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Acknowledgement

This research was funded by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2018/-WAB13/UITM/03/1), Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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  1. Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia

    Adam Linoby, Sarina Md Yusof, Ahmad Dzulkarnain Ismail, Kalam Azad Isa, Syed Shahbudin Syed Omar, Masshera Jamaludin & Sharifah Maimunah Syed Mud Puad

  2. Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK

    Adam Linoby

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  1. Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan

  2. Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed

  3. Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Nur Fahriza Mohd Ali

  4. Centre for Community Education & Wellbeing, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Denise Koh Choon Lian

  5. Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Kok Lian Yee

  6. School of Healthcare Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nik Shanita Safii

  7. Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia

    Sarina Md Yusof

  8. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi

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Linoby, A. et al. (2020). The Role of Fitness Status in the Performance-Enhancing Effects of Dietary Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation: Meta-analysis and Meta-regression Analysis. In: Hassan, M., et al. Enhancing Health and Sports Performance by Design. MoHE 2019. Lecture Notes in Bioengineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3270-2_44

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