Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies support digitalization and innovative services and products, as well as more cost-efficient production processes. New technologies alone are, however, not sufficient to succeed with digital innovations; there are both organizational and commercial challenges that must be overcome and a high degree of uncertainty for the stakeholders involved. Telenor Group is an international mobile telecommunication operator in Scandinavia and Asia and drives digitalization through technologies and open innovation and ecosystems. One learning experience from working with digital innovations is the Start IoT ecosystem concept that Telenor established for research and experimentation in Norway. The Start IoT concept is based on open innovation in clusters of industrial companies, public actors, and small business entrepreneurs. In this paper, we first describe ongoing digitalization and IoT/AI trends; then, we introduce business model and ecosystem theories to make sense of the empirical data from the Norwegian experimental business ecosystem; and finally, we discuss how the Start IoT concept from Norway can be transferred to Asian business units.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angraeni, E. e. (2007). Business ecosystems as a perspective for studying the relations between firms as their business networks. ECCON, (ss. 1–28).
Arthur D. Little. (2017). Connected Things New digital ecosystems – unlocking the growth potential of IoT. Telia.
Asheim, B., & Coenen, L. (2005). Knowledge bases and regional innovation systems: Comparing Nordic Clusters. Research Policy, 34, 1173–1190.
Bergek, A., Jacobssen, S., & Sandén, B. (2008a). Legitimation and development of positive externalities: two key processes in the formation phase of technological innovation systems. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 20(5), 575–592.
Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2008b). Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis. Research Policy, 37, 407–429.
Bouncken, R., & Kraus, S. (2013). Innovation in knowledge-intensive industries: The double-edged sword of coopetition. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2060–2070.
Bouwman, H., De Vos, H., & Haaker, T. (2008). Mobile Service Innovation and Business Models. Berlin: Springer.
Brownlow, J., Zaki, M., Neely, A., & Urmetzer, F. (2015). Data and Analytics – Data driven Business Models: A Blue print for Innovation. University of Cambridge.
Chesbrough, H., & Rosenblom, R. (2002). The role of business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 529–555.
Dijkman, R., Sprenkels B, Peeters, T., & Janssen, A. (2015). Business models for the Internet of Things. International Journal of Information Management, 35, 672–678.
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university – industry-government relations. Research Policy, 29, 109–123.
Foros, Ø., Kind, H. J., & Sand, J. Y. (2009). Entry may increase network providers’ profit. Telecommunications Policy, 33, 486–494.
Franco, M. (2011). Performance in strategic alliances: an analysis of objective and subjective measures. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 3(1), 84–100.
Gawer, A. (2014). Bridging different perspectives on technological platforms: toward an integrative framework. Research Policy, 43(7), 1239–1249.
Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2002). Platform leadership: How Intel, Microsoft, and Cisco drive industry innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School press.
Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2014). Industry platforms and ecosystem innovation. Journal of product innovation management, 31(3), 417–433.
Gawer, A., & Phillips, N. (2013). Institutional work as logics shift: the case of Intel’s transformation to platform leader. Organization Studies, 334(8), 1035–1071.
Ghanbari, A., Alonso-Zarate, J., & Markendahl, J. (2017). Business development in the Internet of things: A matter of vertical cooperation. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(2), 135–141.
GSMA. (2017). GSMA. Hentet 11 14, 2018 fra Mobile IoT commercial launches: https://www.gsma.com/iot/mobile-iot-commercial-launches/
Hallingby, H. K., & Do, T. v. (2013). Adaption of ecosystem analysis to SIM and ID management. Fornebu: Telenor.
Hanseth, O., & Lyytinen, K. (2010). Design theory for dynamic complexity in information infrastructures: the case of building the internet. Journal of Information Technology, 25, 1–19.
Heini, I., Petra, T., & Anssi, S. (2018). Value creation in the internet of things: Mapping business models and ecosystem roles. Technology Innovation Management Review, 61(5), 32–40.
Iansiti, M., & Levien, R. (2004). Strategy as ecology. Harvard Business Review, 82, 68–78 + 126.
Iansiti, M., & Levien, R. (2004b). The keystone advantage. What the new dynamics of business ecosystems mean for strategy, innovation and sustainability. USA: Harvard Business School press.
Ju, J., Kim, M.-S., & Ahn, J.-H. (2016). Prototyping Business Models for IoT Service. Information Technology and Quantitative management (ITQM). Elsevier Ltd, ScienceDirect.
Katz, M., & Shapiro, C. (1985). Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities. Journal of political economy, 94(4), 822–841.
Klein, A., Beal Pacheco, F., & Rosa Righi, R. (2017). Internet of Things based products/services: Process and challenges on developing the business models. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 14(2), 439–461.
Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2014). The paradox of openness: appropriability, external search and collaboration. Research Policy, 867–878.
Leminen, S., Rajahonka, M., Westerlund, M., & Wendelin, R. (2018). The future of the Internet of Things: toward heterarchical ecosystems and business models . Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 13(4), 749–767.
Makinen, S. J., & Dedehayir, O. (2012). Business ecosystem evolution and strategic considerations: a literature review. Engineering, Technology and Innovation, 18th ICE conference, (ss. 1–10).
Markendahl, J., Lundberg, S., Kordas, O., & S., M. (2017). On the role and potential of IoT in different industries. Conference of Telecommunication, Media and Internet Techno-Economics. Copenhagen.
Mathisen, S. (2017). Brenner for entreprenørene. Magma, 8.
Mc Afee, A., & Brynjolfsson, E. (2017). Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future. New York: W.W Norton & Company.
Mellbye, C., & Gierløff, C. (2018). Smarte kommuner – hva er gevinspotensialet. Oslo: Menon Economics. Hentet February 15, 2019
Moore, J. (1993, May–June). Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, 75–86.
Muegge, S. (2011). Business Ecosystems as Institutions of Participation: A Systems Perspective of Community Developed Platforms. Technology Innovation Management Review, 1(2), 4–13.
Nesse. (2008). Open service innovation in telecom industy – case study of partnerhip models enabling 3’rd party development of novel mobile services. 10th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks, ICIN. Bordeaux: Neustar.
Osterwalder, A. (2004). The Business Model Ontology; A proposition on a design science approach. University of Lausanne. Retrieved 5 28, 2018, from http://doc.rero.ch/record/4210
Ozcan, P., & Santos, F. (2015). The market that never was: Turf wars and failed alliances in mobile payments. Strategic Management Journal, 36(10), 1486–1512.
Papert, M., & Pflaum, A. (2017). Development of an ecosystem model for the realization of Internet of Things (IoT) services and supply chain management. Electronic Markets, 27(2), 175–189.
Peltoniemi, M. (2004). Cluster, Value Network and Business Ecosystem: Knowledge and Innovation Approach. Organisations, Innovation and Complexity: New Perspectives on the Knowledge Economy (ss. 1–9). Manchester: The Complexity Society and CRIC Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition.
Porter, M. (1985). Competitive advantage. Ney York: The Free Press.
Raatikainen, M., Komssi, M. B., Kindström, K., & Järvinen, J. (2013). Industrial Experiences of Organizing a Hackathon to Access a Device-Centric Cloud Ecosystem. 37th Annual (ss. 790–799). Kyoto, Japan: IEEE Computer society.
Reve, T. (2017). Arbeidsplassene skapes i de nye vekstbedriftene – Sluttrapport fra MIT REAP South West Norway prosjektet. Oslo: Handelshøgskolen BI.
Ritter, T., & Lettl, C. (2018). The wider implications of business-model research. Long Range Planning, 51, 1–8.
Rong, K., Guangyu, H., Yong, L., Yongjiang, S., & Liang, G. (2015). Understanding business ecosystem using a 6C framework. International Journal of Production Economics, 159, 41–55.
Saarikko, T. W., & Blomquist, T. (2017). The Internet of Things: Are you ready for what’s coming? Business Horizons, 60(5), 667–676.
Shapiro, C., & Varian, H. (1999). Information Rules. A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Stabell, C., & Fjellstad, Ø. (1998). Configuring value for competitive advantage: on chains, shops and networks. Strategic Management journal, 19, 413–437.
Teknologirådet. (2015). Hva er tingenes internett? Hentet fra https://teknologiradet.no/sikkerhet-og-personvern/hva-er-tingenes-internett/
Telefonica. (2017, June 15). Telefónica and Huawei to launch NB-IoT Open Lab to boost the Internet of Things. Hentet April 5, 2018 fra https://www.telefonica.com/en/web/press-office/-/telefonica-and-huawei-to-launch-nb-iot-open-lab-to-boost-the-internet-of-things
TelenorNorge. (2018). Telenor Norge. Hentet November 14, 2018 fra Smarte løsninger basert på IoT teknologi er med på å effektivisere driften av byer og kommuner: https://www.telenor.no/bedrift/iot/tjenester/byer-bygg/
TelenorStartIoT. (2018). Telenor Start IoT . Hentet 11 14, 2018 fra Telenor Start IoT: https://startiot.telenor.com
Tiwana, A. (2014). Platform ecosystems. Aligning architecture, governance and strategy. London: Elsevier.
Vargo, S., & Lusch, R. (2016). Institutions and axioms: an extension and update of service dominant logic. Journal of the Academy Marketing Science, 44, 5–23.
Yin, R. (2014). Case study research. Design and methods. Beverly Hills: Sage publications.
Acknowledgements
This chapter was developed in collaboration with Telenor Group and Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nesse, P.J., Hallingby, H.S., Erdal, O.B., Evjemo, B. (2020). Business Ecosystem and Internet of Things (IoT): Learnings from an Experimental Ecosystem Approach in Norway. In: Lau, E., Simonetti, B., Trinugroho, I., Tan, L. (eds) Economics and Finance Readings. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2906-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2906-1_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2905-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2906-1
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)