Skip to main content

Indoor Positioning Using BLE iBeacon, Smartphone Sensors, and Distance-Based Position Correction Algorithm

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Intelligent Computing in Engineering

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) iBeacon-based localization system, in which we combine two popular positioning methods: Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) and fingerprinting. As we build the system as an application running on an iPhone, we choose Kalman filter as the fusion algorithm to avoid complex computation. In fingerprinting, a multi-direction-database approach is applied. Finally, in order to reduce the cumulative error of PDR due to smartphone sensors, we propose an algorithm called “Distance-based Position Correction”. The aim of this algorithm is to occasionally correct the estimated position by using the iBeacon nearest to the user. In experiments, our system results in an average error of only 0.63 m.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Zafari F, Gkelias A, Leung K. A survey of indoor localization systems and technologies. Available http://arxiv.org/abs/1709.01015v2

  2. Al-Ammar MA et al (2014) Comparative survey of indoor positioning technologies, techniques, and algorithms. In: 2014 International conference on cyberworlds, Santander, pp 245–252

    Google Scholar 

  3. Silicon Labs. Developing beacons with bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology. Available https://www.silabs.com/products/wireless/bluetooth/developingbeacons-with-bluetooth-low-energy-ble-technology

  4. Chen Z, Zou H, Jiang H, Zhu Q, Soh YC, Xie L (2015) Fusion of WiFi, smartphone sensors and landmarks using the Kalman filter for indoor localization. Sensors 15:715–732

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chen Z, Zhu Q, Jiang H, Soh YC (2015) Indoor localization using smartphone sensors and iBeacons. In: 2015 IEEE 10th conference on industrial electronics and applications (ICIEA), Auckland, pp 1723–1728

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chandel V, Ahmed N, Arora S, Ghose A (2016) InLoc: an end-to-end robust indoor localization and routing solution using mobile phones and BLE beacons. In: 2016 International conference on indoor positioning and indoor navigation (IPIN), Alcala de Henares, pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  7. Robesaat J, Zhang P, Abdelaal M, Theel O (2017) An improved BLE indoor localization with Kalman-based fusion: an experimental study. Sensors 17(5)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lee S, Cho B, Koo B, Ryu S, Choi J, Kim S (2015) Kalman filter-based indoor position tracking with self-calibration for RSS variation mitigation. In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks—Special issue on Location-Related Challenges and Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks, vol 2015

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chen Z, Zhu Q, Soh YC (2016) Smartphone inertial sensor-based indoor localization and tracking with iBeacon corrections. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 12(4):1540–1549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sung K, Lee DK, Kim H (2018) Indoor pedestrian localization using iBeacon and improved Kalman filter. Sensors 18(6)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Zou H, Chen Z, Jiang H, Xie L, Spanos C (2017) Accurate indoor localization and tracking using mobile phone inertial sensors, WiFi and iBeacon. In: 2017 IEEE international symposium on inertial sensors and systems (INERTIAL), Kauai, HI, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chen J, Zhang Y, Xue W (2018) Unsupervised indoor localization based on smartphone sensors, iBeacon and Wi-Fi. Sensors 18(5)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Apple, Getting Started with iBeacon. Available https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/Getting-Started-with-iBeacon.pdf

  14. Zafari F, Papapanagiotou I (2015) Enhancing iBeacon based microLocation with particle filtering. In: 2015 IEEE global communication conference (GLOBECOM), San Diego, CA, pp 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  15. CoreLocation. Retrieved https://developer.apple.com/documentation/corelocation

  16. CoreMotion. Retrieved https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coremotion

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), under Project No. QG.19.25.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thai-Mai Thi Dinh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Trinh, A.VT., Dinh, TM.T., Nguyen, QT., Sandrasegaran, K. (2020). Indoor Positioning Using BLE iBeacon, Smartphone Sensors, and Distance-Based Position Correction Algorithm. In: Solanki, V., Hoang, M., Lu, Z., Pattnaik, P. (eds) Intelligent Computing in Engineering. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1125. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2780-7_105

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics