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Kinetic Modeling of Solid, Liquid and Gas Biofuel Formation from Biomass Pyrolysis

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Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Pyrolysis

Part of the book series: Biofuels and Biorefineries ((BIOBIO,volume 10))

Abstract

Modeling of biomass pyrolysis can be understood as several critical multicomponent, multiphase and multiscale processes. The characterization of the biomass and selection of the reference species of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignins and extractives have a major effect on the results. Intrinsic differences exist between hardwood, softwood and grass/cereals and must be taken into account. Thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis, gasification and combustion involve several kinetic mechanisms, first in the solid phase for the devolatilization of the biomass, then in the gas phase for the secondary reactions of released products, and finally for the heterogeneous reactions of the char residue. These mechanisms involve a large number of chemical species and reactions and make modeling computationally intensive. For reactor-scale simulations, mechanistic equations need to be simplified, while maintaining their descriptive capability. For example, lumping procedures can allow detailed compositions of oil, gas and char residue to be obtained. In this chapter, the catalytic effect of ash on pyrolysis products is discussed. Secondary or successive gas phase reactions of pyrolysis products complete the kinetic model and allow optimal conditions for bio-oil production to be determined. On the scale of both the particle and the reactor, mathematical modeling of the thermochemical process requires descriptions of coupled transport and kinetic processes. Examples and comparisons with experimental data are used to show the validation and the reliability of a general model. Additional examples for the application of models are taken from the large-scale German project Oxyflame, which works on combustion of solid fuels in oxy-fuel atmospheres.

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Abbreviations

Bi:

Biot number

\( \hat{C} \) :

specific heat

Da :

Darcy tensor

\( \mathcal{D} \) :

diffusion coefficient

g:

gravitational acceleration

h :

heat exchange coefficient

\( \hat{h} \) :

specific mass enthalpy

I:

Identity matrix

j :

gas diffusive flux

k c :

convective mass exchange coefficient

k R :

rate constant

\( \dot{m} \) :

mass flow rate

n:

outward pointing unit normal

NC :

number of species

N p :

number of particles

p :

pressure

Py :

pyrolysis number

q :

conductive heat flux

q rad :

radiative heat flux

\( {\dot{Q}}_R \) :

reaction heat

r:

radius

S :

surface

T :

temperature

t :

time

Th:

Thiele number

u :

velocity

u ∗ :

relative velocity

v:

diffusion velocity of gas species

V :

volume

ε:

solid porosity

λ:

thermal conductivity

μ:

dynamic viscosity

ξ:

emissivity

ρ:

density

ω:

mass fraction

\( {\dot{\Omega}}_k \) :

net formation rate

∇:

nabla – vector differential operator

⊗:

vertex position

bulk:

region outside the particle

G:

gas phase

(I) :

interface

S:

solid phase

eff:

effective

J:

species solid

k:

species gas

p:

particle

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Acknowledgments

Our sincere acknowledgments to Paola Giudicianni, Corinna Grottola and Raffaele Ragucci from the IRC/CNR, for their support and for providing additional data presented in this work. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – projektnummer 215035359 – TRR 129.

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  1. Simulation of Reactive Thermo-Fluid Systems, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    P. Debiagi & C. Hasse

  2. Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

    T. Faravelli & E. Ranzi

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  1. P. Debiagi
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Correspondence to P. Debiagi .

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  1. Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Zhen Fang

  2. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Japan

    Richard L. Smith Jr

  3. Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Lujiang Xu

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Debiagi, P., Faravelli, T., Hasse, C., Ranzi, E. (2020). Kinetic Modeling of Solid, Liquid and Gas Biofuel Formation from Biomass Pyrolysis. In: Fang, Z., Smith Jr, R.L., Xu, L. (eds) Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Pyrolysis. Biofuels and Biorefineries, vol 10. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2732-6_2

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