Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

HVAC Systems and Environmental Controls in Hospital Operation Theatres

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Proceedings of International Conference in Mechanical and Energy Technology

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 174))

  • 1189 Accesses

Abstract

Operation theatres in a hospital require effective ventilation, heating and air-conditioning systems and design for the patients in order to have desired comfort zone within the space. This paper provides a proper methodology so as to discover the effects of varying inner as well as outer thermal conditions of an operation theatre on the comfort zone of the patients. The main objective is to develop the various heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems and environmental controls like availability of proper space, temperature and humidity control, for effective ventilation use of air changes per hour method, for effective cooling and environmental controls use of new efficient techniques and for proper air cleaning use of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, etc. that all can provide the required comfort zone in the hospital operation theatres. This paper also summarizes the work of some researchers and scientists that was carried out in order to achieve comfort zone in the different hospital operation theatres with different inner and outer thermal conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Mangram, A.J., Horan, T.C., Pearson, M.L., Silver, L.C., Jarvis, W.R.: Hospital infection control practices advisory committee. guideline for prevention of surgical site infection. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 20(4), 247–280 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Balaras, C.A., Dascalaki, E., Gaglia, A.: HVAC and indoor thermal conditions in hospital operation rooms. Energy Build. 39(4), 454–470 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Noskin, G.A., Peterson, L.R.: Engineering infection control through facility design. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7(2), 354 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. American Institute of Architects (AIA): Guidelines for Design and Construction for Health Care Facilities. AIA Press, Washington (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chefurka, T., Nesdoly, F., Christie, J.: Concepts in flexibility in healthcare facility planning, design, and construction. Acad. J. (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ahmed, K.S.: Medical planning: operating theatre design and its impact on cost, area and workflow. In: International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. pp. 325–332, Springer, Cham (2017)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Ninomura, P., Rousseau, C., Bartley, J.: Updated guidelines for design and construction of hospital and health care facilities. ASHRAE J. 48(6), H33 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Handbook, A.S.H.R.A.E.: HVAC systems and equipment. In: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers. pp 1–10, Atlanta, GA (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Perez, P., Holloway, J., Ehrenfeld, L., Cohen, S., Cunningham, L., Miley, G.B., Hollenbeck, B.L.: Door openings in the operation room are associated with increased environmental contamination. Am. J. Infect. Control 46(8), 954–956 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. DIN 1946: Ventilation and Air-Conditioning. Part 4. Ventilation in Hospitals, vol. 4, Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., Beuth-Verlag, Berlin (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Technical Directive 2423/86: Building Installations, Air-Conditioning of Building Spaces, Technical Chamber of Greece, Athens (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Technical Directive 2425/86: Building Installations, Elements of HVAC Load Calculations for Building Spaces, Technical Chamber of Greece, Athens (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hoffman, P.N., Williams, J., Stacey, A., Bennett, A.M., Ridgway, G.L., Dobson, C., Humphreys, H.: Microbiological commissioning and monitoring of operation theatre suites. J. Hosp. Infect. 52(1), 1–28 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mora, R., English, M.J., Athienitis, A.K.: Assessment of thermal comfort during surgical operations/discussion. ASHRAE Trans. 107, 52 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Murphy, J.: Temperature and humidity control in surgery rooms. ASHRAE J. 48(6), H18 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Essex-Lopresti, M.: Operation theatre design. Lancet 353(9157), 1007–1010

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bannister, G.: (v) Prevention of infection in joint replacement. Curr. Orthop. 16(6), 426–433 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Persson, M., Van der Linden, J.: Wound ventilation with carbon dioxide: a simple method to prevent direct airborne contamination during cardiac surgery? J. Hosp. Infect. 56(2), 131–136 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Fox, N.J.: Space, sterility and surgery: circuits of hygiene in the operation theatre. Soc. Sci. Med. 45(5), 649–657 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Humphreys, H., Taylor, E.W.: Operation theatre ventilation standards and the risk of postoperative infection. J. Hosp. Infect. 50(2), 85–90 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Blom, A.W., Gozzard, C., Heal, J., Bowker, K., Estela, C.M.: Bacterial strike-through of re-usable surgical drapes: the effect of different wetting agents. J. Hosp. Infect. 52(1), 52–55 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Howorth, F.H.: Prevention of airborne infection during surgery. Lancet 325(8425), 386–388 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Estates, N.H.S.: Health technical memorandum 2025. Ventilation in healthcare premises. Part 3. Validation and verification (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lidwell, O.M., Lowbury, E.J., Whyte, W., Blowers, R., Stanley, S.J., Lowe, D.: Effect of ultraclean air in operation rooms on deep sepsis in the joint after total hip or knee replacement: a randomised study. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 285(6334), 10–14 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Dharan, S., Pittet, D.: Environmental controls in operation theatres. J. Hosp. Infect. 51, 79–84 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Humphreys, H., Stacey, A.R., Taylor, E.W.: Survey of operation theatres in Great Britain and Ireland. J. Hosp. Infect. 30, 245–252 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Scherrer, M.: Hygiene and room climate in the operation room. Minim. Invasive Ther. Allied Technol. 12(6), 293–299 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Lidwell, O.M., Elson, R.A., Lowbury, E.J., Whyte, W., Blowers, R., Stanley, S.J., Lowe, D.: Ultraclean air and antibiotics for prevention of postoperative infection: a multicenter study of 8,052 joint replacement operations. Acta Orthop. Scand. 58(1), 4–13 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hanssen, A.D., Osmon, D.R., Nelson, C.L.: Instructional course lectures, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons-prevention of deep periprosthetic joint infection. JBJS 78(3), 458–471 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Pittet, D., Ducel, G.: Infectious risk factors related to operation rooms. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 15(7), 456–462 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Standard, M.: Filter units, protective clothing, gas-mask components and related products: performance test methods. Tech. Rep. MIL-STD-282, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ayliffe, G.A.J.: Role of the environment of the operation suite in surgical wound infection. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13(Supplement_10), S800–S804 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Bitkover, C.Y., Marcusson, E., Ransjö, U.: Spread of coagulase-negative staphylococci during cardiac operations in a modern operation room. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 69(4), 1110–1115 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Whyte, W., Hambraeus, A., Laurell, G., Hoborn, J.: The relative importance of routes and sources of wound contamination during general surgery I. Non-airborne. J. Hosp. Infect. 18(2), 93–107 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Whyte, W., Hambraeus, A., Laurell, G., Hoborn, J.: The relative importance of the routes and sources of wound contamination during general surgery II. Airborne. J. Hosp. Infect. 22(1), 41–54 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Taliv Hussain, Pragati Agarwal & Adnan Hafiz

Authors
  1. Taliv Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pragati Agarwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adnan Hafiz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physico-Mechanical Metrology, CSIR–National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

    Sanjay Yadav

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    D. B. Singh

  3. Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    P. K. Arora

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National institute of Technology, Delhi, India

    Harish Kumar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hussain, T., Agarwal, P., Hafiz, A. (2020). HVAC Systems and Environmental Controls in Hospital Operation Theatres. In: Yadav, S., Singh, D., Arora, P., Kumar, H. (eds) Proceedings of International Conference in Mechanical and Energy Technology. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 174. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2647-3_63

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2647-3_63

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2646-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2647-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation