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Aerosol–Cloud Interactions in the Climate System

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Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change

Abstract

Increased anthropogenic aerosol concentrations modify cloud micro- and macrophysical properties and precipitation, which significantly impacts the global hydrological cycle and radiation budget. Aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs) have contributed to negative radiative forcing (i.e., cooling) since pre-industrial times, partially offsetting the warming positive radiative forcing caused by greenhouse gases. However, estimates of the magnitude of ACIs are highly uncertain because their regime-dependent behavior is poorly understood, and global climate models cannot capture complex ACIs because of their simplified treatment of clouds and precipitation. This chapter reviews the current understanding of ACIs in the climate system and prominent advances in observations, numerical modeling, and satellite simulations. Observation techniques and model parameterizations have advanced steadily, so the review focuses mainly on literature published over the past decade. For more reliable weather and climate predictions, this chapter discusses (1) how satellite observations can constrain ACIs, (2) where model–observation discrepancies arise, and (3) what can be done to improve model parameterizations, thus reducing ACI uncertainties at fundamental process levels. Challenges in constraining uncertain processes with multi-platform observations and process modeling are also considered.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (grant nos. JP19K14795, and JP19H05669); the Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (grant no. JPMXD0717935457); the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (grant nos. JPMEERF20202R03, and JPMEERF21S12004) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan; and the JST FOREST Program (grant no. JPMJFR206Y).

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  1. Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

    Takuro Michibata

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Correspondence to Takuro Michibata .

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  1. Nat'l Inst for Env Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Hajime Akimoto

  2. National Institute for Environ Studies, Tsukuba,Ibaraki, Japan

    Hiroshi Tanimoto

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Michibata, T. (2022). Aerosol–Cloud Interactions in the Climate System. In: Akimoto, H., Tanimoto, H. (eds) Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2527-8_35-3

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  1. Latest

    Aerosol–Cloud Interactions in the Climate System
    Published:
    06 July 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2527-8_35-3

  2. Aerosol–Cloud Interactions in the Climate System
    Published:
    17 June 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2527-8_35-2

  3. Original

    Aerosol–Cloud Interactions in the Climate System
    Published:
    07 April 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2527-8_35-1

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