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Oxidative Stress in Neurology and in Neurodegenerative Processes

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Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Diseases

Abstract

Aging is one of the principal risk factors that play an important role in several human conditions and pathogenesis, primarily neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A progressive loss of neurons, reduced motor or behavioral functions, and abnormally aggregated proteins define these conditions. An unbalanced redox environment, including the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) or system deficiency, causes oxidative stress (OS). The brain is one of the principal organs that are particularly susceptible to ROS because of its elevated oxygen demand and the presence of abundant peroxidation-sensitive lipid cells. Previous studies have reported that widespread neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology involves OS. Cellular antioxidants are known to alter such redox status, target destruction, and regulate oxidative mechanisms engaged in cell proliferation, gene expression, signal transduction, and cell death pathway. Oxidants and antioxidants are important in maintaining free balance, metabolized, environmental-related radicals and the body’s antioxidant mechanisms. In biological systems, several complex natural antioxidant mechanisms occur that work together to prevent prooxidant damage. The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate that free radicals are engaged in neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology and that antioxidants and scavenging products help in the prevention and cure of such disease conditions. This chapter also examines the role of antioxidants in neurodegenerative illnesses, in their chemoprevention and therapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India

    Gaurav Gupta, Sacchidanand Pathak, Sarita Rawat & Anurag Mishra

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur, India

    Yogendra Singh

  3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Meenu Mehta, Saurabh Satija & Navneet Khurana

  4. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli Pinto

  5. Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia

    Shakti Shukla

  6. School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia

    Kavita Pabreja

  7. Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Dinesh Kumar Chellappan

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India

    Pawan K. Maurya

  2. Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Kamal Dua

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Gupta, G. et al. (2020). Oxidative Stress in Neurology and in Neurodegenerative Processes. In: Maurya, P., Dua, K. (eds) Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1568-2_4

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