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Kidney Development and Injury: A Road to Regeneration

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Acute Kidney Injury and Regenerative Medicine

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Abstract

Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are the major cellular targets of acute kidney injury (AKI). PTECs, as well as epithelial cells in glomeruli and distal tubules, are derived from nephron progenitors that exist in the embryonic kidney. However, nephron progenitors disappear around birth by terminal differentiation, meaning that mechanisms of repair following AKI will be different from those during development. Although some developmental genes are re-expressed in experimental AKI models, most PTECs are replaced by surviving mature epithelial cells and the functions of genes in these cells can differ from their developmental functions. Recent progresses in stem cell biology have enabled in vitro generation of kidney organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and the PTECs in the organoids exhibit some functional features. However, kidney organoids are immature and selective PTEC induction has not been established. In this chapter, we discuss the recent findings regarding AKI from the viewpoint of developmental nephrology and the hurdles to overcome in the treatment of AKI and eventual kidney failure.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all members of the Nishinakamura laboratory, especially Dr. Atsuhiro Taguchi, for their contributions to establish protocols for kidney organoids.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

    Shankhajit De & Ryuichi Nishinakamura

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  1. Shankhajit De
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  2. Ryuichi Nishinakamura
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Correspondence to Ryuichi Nishinakamura .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

    Yoshio Terada

  2. Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

    Takashi Wada

  3. Department of Acute Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Kent Doi

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De, S., Nishinakamura, R. (2020). Kidney Development and Injury: A Road to Regeneration. In: Terada, Y., Wada, T., Doi, K. (eds) Acute Kidney Injury and Regenerative Medicine . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1108-0_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1108-0_25

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