Abstract
White layer formation is a phenomenon which is found to occur during hard machining. White layer is brittle and can cause crack in the machined surfaces. It affects fatigue strength and service life of the machined components. To obtain a product with proper strength and toughness, white layer elimination is a necessary condition. In the present work, a thorough literature review about the formation of white layer, its effect and the remedial procedures how to prevent it is presented. Based on the literature, a case study is also presented in the present work to study the influence of cutting parameters on white layer formation with respect to the corresponding micro-hardness. The experimental study confirmed that, cutting speed and flank wear has direct influence on white layer thickness (WLT) and micro-hardness.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Stead, J.W.: Micro-metallography and its application. J. West. Scott. Iron Steel Inst. 19, 169–204 (1912)
Griffiths, B.J.: White layer formations at machined surface and their relationship to white layer formations at worn surfaces. J. Tribol. 107(2), 165–171 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3261015
Griffiths, B.J.: Manufacturing Surface Technology: Surface Integrity and Functional Performance. Taylor and Francis Books, New York
Chou, Y.K., Evans, C.J.: White layers and thermal modeling of hard turned surfaces. Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 39(12), 1863–1881 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(99)00036-X
Armacheron, A., Mativenga, P.T.: White layer formation and hardening effects in hard turning of H13 tool steel with CrTiAlN and CrTiAlN/MoST-coated carbide tools. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 36(7), 650–657 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0899-2
Bosheh, S.S., Mativenga, P.T.: White layer formation in hard turning of H13 tool steel at high cutting speeds using CBN tooling. Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 46(2), 225–233 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.04.009
Han, S., Melkote, S.N., Haluska, M.S., Watkins, T.R.: White layer formation due to phase transformation in orthogonal machining of AISI 1045 annealed steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 488(1–2), 195–204 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.081
Kishawy, W.A., Elbestawi, M.A.: Tool wear and surface integrity during high-speed turning of hardened steel with polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tools. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B J. Eng. Manuf. 215(6), 755–767 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1243/0954405011518700
Chou, Y.K., Song, H.: Tool nose radius effects on finish hard turning. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 148(2), 259–268 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2003.10.029
Hosseini, S.B., Beno, T., Klement, U., Kaminski, J., Ryttberg, K.: Cutting temperatures in hard turning—measurement and effects on white layer formation in AISI 52100. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 214(6), 1293–1300 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.01.016
Zhang, X.M., Chen, L., Ding, H.: Effect of process parameters on white layer formation and morphology in hard turning of AISI 52100 steel. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 138(7), 074502 (1–9) (2016). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4032769
Poulachon, G., Albert, A., Schluraff, M., Jawahir, I.S.: An experimental investigation of work material microstructure effects on white layer formation in PCBN hard turning. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 45(2), 211–218 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.07.009
Cappellini, C., Attansio, A., Rotella, G., Umbrello, D.: Formation of white and dark layers in hard cutting: influence of tool wear. Int. J. Mater. Form. 3, 455–458 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-010-0805-1
Zhang, F.Y., Chun-Zheng, D., Min-jie, W., Wei, S.: White and dark layer formation mechanism in hard cutting of AISI 52100 steel. J. Manuf. Process. 32, 878–887 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.04.011
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rajbongshi, S.K., Sarma, D.K., Singh, M.A. (2020). A Brief Review of White Layer Formation in Hard Machining with a Case Study. In: Biswal, B., Sarkar, B., Mahanta, P. (eds) Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0124-1_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0124-1_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-0123-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-0124-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)