Phase Equilibrium and Phase Diagram

Abstract

Phase equilibrium and phase diagram advise us what is the stable substance under certain circumstances and what condition is needed for the stability of the substance. This chapter describes the fundamental to understand the phase equilibrium and the phase diagram: the phase rule, the phase transformation with the change in the temperature or the pressure, the relationship between the temperature and the pressure in the phase transformation (so-called the Clausius–Clapeyron equation), and the phase change in compositional variation. The ways of reading and understanding of one-, two-, and three-component phase diagrams are explained using several practical phase diagrams.