Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Terraced Subtropical Farming: Sustainable Strategies for Soil Conservation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Soil Health Restoration and Management

Abstract

Terracing is a soil conservation strategy applied worldwide to prevent erosion and runoff on sloping lands. Orchard terraces can considerably reduce soil loss due to water erosion if they are well planned, correctly constructed and properly maintained. Terraces have to be combined with additional soil conservation practices, of which the most important is the maintenance of a soil cover, especially during the rainy period. On the coastal strip of the provinces of Granada and Malaga (south-eastern Spain), irrigated subtropical fruit species have been introduced and cultivated on terraces with a considerable importance as the only European producer region. The subtropical farming in this zone also has strong socio-economic impact. In the present chapter, land-use changes were analysed in a selected representative watershed over 29 years. According to the findings, formerly, 97.5% of the watershed was devoted to traditional Mediterranean crops; however, after this period, due to abandonment, this area was reduced to 17.6% and increased in subtropical fruit crops (26.6%), shrubland (29.8%) and abandoned cropland (24.6%). The main driving force in land-use change has been intensive irrigation on terraces planted with subtropical crops, which are economically more profitable than traditional rainfed crops, almond and olive, which have been replaced or abandoned. The intensification of subtropical farming in terraces provokes environmental effects, especially those regarding soil and water resources, which need to be minimized. The results support the recommendation of using plant covers on the taluses of subtropical crop terraces in order to control soil erosion and improve the soil quality in the taluses of orchard terraces. In this sense, compared to bare soil, thyme and native spontaneous vegetation plant covers reduced the runoff with 94% and 93% and declined erosion with 71% and 79%, respectively. That is to avoid the collapse of the structure and make more feasible the subtropical fruit cultivation in the study area. Thus, it is possible to mitigate the impact of subtropical farming on terraces by adopting sustainable measures for soil and water conservation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AMP:

Aromatic-medicinal plant

BS :

Bare soil

K:

Potassium

KINEROS:

Kinematic runoff and erosion model

LA :

Lavender

LUC:

Land-use change

N:

Nitrogen

P:

Phosphorus

RO :

Rosemary

SOC:

Soil organic carbon

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SA :

Satureja

SV :

Native spontaneous vegetation

SWAT:

Soil and water assessment tool

TH :

Thyme

TN:

Total nitrogen

USLE:

Universal soil loss equation

WEPP:

Water erosion prediction project

References

  • Alatorre LC, Beguería S, Lana RN, Navas A, García RJM (2012) Soil erosion and sediment delivery in a mountain catchment under scenarios of land use change using a spatially distributed numerical model. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 16:1321–1334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almagro M, Querejeta JI, Boix FC, Martínez MM (2013) Links between vegetation patterns, soil C and N pools and respiration rate under three different land uses in a dry Mediterranean ecosystem. J Soils Sediments 13:641–653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • APHA, AWWA, WPCF (ed) (1995) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 17th edn. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnáez J, Lasanta T, Ruiz FP, Ortigosa L (2007) Factors affecting runoff and erosion under simulated rainfall in Mediterranean vineyards. Soil Tillage Res 93:324–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnáez J, Lasanta T, Errea MP, Ortigosa L (2011) Land abandonment, landscape evolution, and soil erosion in a Spanish Mediterranean mountain region: the case of Camero Viejo. Land Degrad Dev 22:537–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnáez J, Lana RN, Lasanta T, Ruiz FP, Castroviejo J (2015) Effects of farming terraces on hydrological and geomorphological processes. A review. Catena 128:122–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashoka P, Meena RS, Kumar S, Yadav GS, Layek J (2017) Green nanotechnology is a key for eco-friendly agriculture. J Clean Prod 142:4440–4441

    Google Scholar 

  • Asins S (2006) Linking historical Mediterranean terraces with catchment, harvesting and distribution structures. In: Morel JP et al (eds) The archeology of crop and gardens. Ediplugia, Bari, pp 21–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Atucha A, Merwin IA, Brown MG, Gardiazabal F, Mena F, Adriazola C, Lehmann J (2013) Soil erosion, runoff and nutrient losses in an avocado (Perseaamericana Mill) hillside orchard under different groundcover management systems. Plant Soil 368:393–406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balogh JC, Walker WJ (1992) Golf course management and construction. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI

    Google Scholar 

  • Barata AM, Rocha F, Lopes V, Carvalho AM (2016) Conservation and sustainable uses of medicinal and aromatic plants genetic resources on the worldwide for human welfare. Ind Crop Prod 15:8–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker G, Gilbertson D, Mattingly D (2007) Archaeology and desertification—the Wadi Faynan landscape survey, Southern Jordan. Council for British Research in the Levant and Oxbow Books, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Bautista S (1999) Regeneración post-incendio de un pinar (Pinushalepensis Miller) en ambiente semiárido. Erosión del suelo y medidas de conservación a corto plazo. Ph.D. University of Alicante, Alicante. Spain

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazzoffi P, Gardin L (2011) Effectiveness of the GAEC standard of cross compliance retain terraces on soil erosion control. Ital J Agron 6(s1):e6 43–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellin N, van Wesemael B, Meerkerk A, Barbera GG (2009) Abandonment of soil and water conservation structures in Mediterranean ecosystems: a case study from south east Spain. Catena 76:114–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bevan A, Conolly J (2011) Terraced fields and Mediterranean landscape structure: an analytical case study from Antikythera, Greece. Ecol Model 222:1303–1314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BIS (1991) Bureau of Indian Standards. Drinking water specification. IS: 10500:1991. New Delhi. India

    Google Scholar 

  • Boix-Fayos C, de Vente J, Albaladejo J, Martínez MM (2009) Soil carbon erosion and stock as affected by land use changes at the catchment scale in Mediterranean ecosystems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 133:75–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouwman AF, Beusen AHW, Griffioen J, Van Groenigen JW, Hefting MM, Oenema O, Van Puijenbroek PJTM, Seitzinger S, Slomp CP, Stehfest E (2013) Global trends and uncertainties in terrestrial denitrification and N2O emissions. Philos Trans R Soc B-Biol Sci 368:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braden JB, Shortle S (2013) Agricultural sources of water pollution. Encycl Energy, Nat Res Environ Econ 3:81–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandolini P, Cevasco A, Capolongo D, Pepe G, Lovergine F, Del Monte M (2018) Response of terraced slopes to a very intense rainfall event and relationships with land abandonment: a case study from Cinque Terre (Italy). Land Degrad Dev 29:630–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buragohain S, Sharma B, Nath JD, Gogaoi N, Meena RS, Lal R (2017) Impact of ten years of bio-fertilizer use on soil quality and rice yield on an inceptisol in Assam, India. Soil Res. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR17001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calsamiglia A, Fortesa J, García CJ, Lucas BME, Calvo CA, Estrany L (2017) Spatial patterns of sediment connectivity in terraced lands: anthropogeni controls of catchmentsensivity. Land Degrad Dev 29:1198–1210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calvache ML, Pulido BP (1991) Saltwaterintrusion into small coastal aquifer (rioverde, Almuñécar SE Spain). J Hydrol 129:195–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calvache ML, Pulido BP (1996) Modelización de medidas de corrección de la intrusión marina en los acuíferos de Río Vélez, Río Verde y Castell de Ferro (provincias de Málaga y Granada). Estud Geol 52:269–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camera C, Djuma H, Bruggeman A, Zoumides C, Eliades M, Charalambous K, Abate D, Faka M (2018) Quantifying the effectiveness of mountain terraces on soil erosion protection with sediment traps and dry-stone wall laser scans. Catena 171:251–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cammeraat LH (2004) Scale dependent thresholds in hydrological and erosion response of a semi-arid catchment in southeast Spain. Agric Ecosyst Environ 104:317–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao Y, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Tian J (2013) Landscape pattern and sustainability of a 1300- year-old agricultural landscape in subtropical mountain areas, Southwestern China. Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol 20:349–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpio AJ, Oteros J, Tortosa TS, Guerrero CJ (2016) Land use and biodiversity patterns of the herpetofauna: the role of olive groves. Acta Oecol 70:103–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo V, Martínez MM, Albaladejo J (1997) Runoff and soil loss response to vegetation removal in a semiarid environment. Soil Sci Am J 61:1116–1121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerdà A, Rodrigo CJ, Novara A, Brevik EC, Vaezi AR, Pulido M, Giménez MA, Keesstra SD (2018) Long-term impact of rainfed agricultural land abandonment on soil erosion in the Western Mediterranean basin. Prog Phys Geogr 42(2):202–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen D, Wei W, Chen L (2017) Effects of terracing practices on water erosion control in China: a meta-analysis. Earth Sci Rev 173:109–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrenková K, Mataix SJ, Dlapa P, Arcenegui V (2014) Long-term changes in soil aggregation comparing forest and agricultural land use in different Mediterranean soil types. Geoderma 235–236:290–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costantini EAC, Castaldini M, Diago MP, Giffard B, Zombardo A (2018) Effects of soil erosion on agro-ecosystem services and soil functions: a multidisciplinary study in nineteen organically farmed European and Turkish vineyards. J Environ Manag 223:614–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cots-Folch R, Martínez CJA, Ramos MC (2006) Land terracing for new vineyard plantations in the north-eastern Spanish Mediterranean region: landscape effects of the EU Council Regulation policy for vineyards restructuring. Agric Ecosyst Environ 115:88–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dadhich RK, Meena RS (2014) Performance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Response to foliar spray of thiourea and thioglycollic acid under different irrigation levels. Indian J Ecol 41(2):376–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadhich RK, Meena RS, Reager ML, Kansotia BC (2015) Response of bio-regulators to yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czernj. and Cosson) under different irrigation environments. J App Nat Sci 7(1):52–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Datta R, Baraniya D, Wang YF, Kelkar A, Moulick A, Meena RS, Yadav GS, Ceccherini MT, Formanek P (2017a) Multi-function role as nutrient and scavenger off reeradical in soil. Sustain MDPI 9:402. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Datta R, Kelkar A, Baraniya D, Molaei A, Moulick A, Meena RS, Formanek P (2017b) Enzymatic degradation of lignin in soil: a review. Sustain MDPI 9(7):1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhakal Y, Meena RS, De N, Verma SK, Singh A (2015) Growth, yield and nutrient content of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in response to INM in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Bangladesh J Bot 44(3):479–482

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhakal Y, Meena RS, Kumar S (2016) Effect of INM on nodulation, yield, quality and available nutrient status in soil after harvest of green gram. Legum Res 39(4):590–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Dotterweich M (2013) The history of human-induced soil erosion: geomorphic legacies, early descriptions and research, and the development of soil conservation—a global synopsis. Geomorphology 201:1–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drechsler M, Settele J (2001) Predator-prey interactions in rice ecosystems: effects of guild composition, trophic relationships, and land use changes – a model study exemplified for Philippine rice terraces. Ecol Model 137:135–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Rodríguez PCR (2008) Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers, a review. Agron Sustain Dev 28:65–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Martínez RA, Aguilar RJ, Franco TD (2003) El cultivo del mango (Mangifera indica L.) en la costa granadina. Granada, España. 141 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Martínez RA, Aguilar RJ (2004) Nutrient losses by runoff and sediment from the taluses of orchard terraces. Water Air Soil Pollut 153:355–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Aguilar JR, Martínez RA, Franco TD (2005) Impact of erosion in the taluses of subtropical orchard terraces. Agric Ecosyst Environ 107:199–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Rodríguez PCR, Franco TD, Martín PFJ (2006a) El cultivo del chirimoyo (AnnonacherimoliaMill). Granada, Spain, 105 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Francia MJR, Rodríguez PCR, Martínez RA, Cárceles RB (2006b) Soil erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers in a mountainous area (SE Spain): implications for sustainable agriculture. Environmentalist 26:309–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Rodríguez PCR, Flanagan DC, García TI, Muriel FJL (2011) Sustainable land use and agricultural soil. In: Lichtfouse E (ed) Alternative farming systems, biotechnology, drought stress and ecological fertilisation, sustainable agriculture reviews, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 107–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Francia MJR, García TI, Rodríguez PCR, Martínez RA, Cuadros TS (2012) Runoff and sediment yield from a small watershed in south-eastern Spain (Lanjarón): implications for water quality. Hydrol Sci J 57:1610–1625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Francia MJR, García TI, Martínez RA (2013) Implications of land-cover types for soil erosion in a semiarid mountain slopes: towards sustainable land use in problematic landscapes. Acta Ecol Sin 33:272–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Rodríguez PCR, Cuadros TS, Francia MJR (2014) Linking soil organic carbon stocks to land-use types in a Mediterranean agroforestry landscape. J Agric Sci Technol 16:667–679

    Google Scholar 

  • Durán ZVH, Rodríguez PCR, Flanagan DC, García TI, Muriel FJL (2016) Fruit yield of mango irrigated with saline waters. In: Young EP (ed) Mango: production, properties and health benefits. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, pp 109–122

    Google Scholar 

  • EEC (2000) Water framework directive, European Community Directive; 2000/60

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehigiator OA, Anyata BU (2011) Effects of land clearing techniques and tillage systems on runoff and soil erosion in a tropical rain forest in Nigeria. J Environ Manag 92:2875–2880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eitelberg AD, van Vliet J, Doelman CJ, Stehfest E, Verburg HP (2016) Demand for biodiversity protection and carbon storage as drivers of global land change scenarios. Glob Environ Chang 40:101–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elías F, Ruiz L (1977) Agroclimatología de España. Cuaderno INIA, No 7, Madrid, Spain

    Google Scholar 

  • ESYRCE (2017) Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Available at: https://www.mapama.gob.es/es/estadistica/temas/estadisticas-agrarias/boletin2017sm_tcm30-455983.pdf. Accessed 17 Aug 2018

  • Faulkner H, Ruiz J, Zukowskyj P, Downward S (2003) Erosion risk associated with rapid and extensive agriculture clearances on sipersive materials in southeast Spain. Environ Sci Pol 6:115–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández RML, Lozano GB, Parras AL (2014) Topography and land use change effects on the soil organic carbon stock of forest soils in Mediterranean natural areas. Agric Ecosyst Environ 195:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferro VC, Lang C, Kaal J, Stump D (2017) When is a terrace not a terrace? The importance of understanding landscape evolution in studies of terraced agriculture. J Environ Manag 202:500–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francia MJR, Durán ZVH, Martínez RA (2006) Environmental impact from mountainous olive orchards under different soil-management systems (SE Spain). Sci Total Environ 358:46–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galletti CS, Ridder E, Falconer SE, Fall PF (2013) Maxentmodeling of ancient and modern agricultural terraces in the Troodos foothills, Cyprus. Appl Geogr 39:46–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García TIF, Durán ZVH (2018) Water scarcity and sustainable agriculture in semiarid environment: tools, strategies and challenges for woody crops. Academic Press-Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 624 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Gathuga JN, Sang JK, Maina CW (2018) Modelling the impacts of structural conservation measures on sediment and water yield in Thika-Chania catchment, Kenya. Int Soil Water Conserv Res 6(2):165–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gebremichael D, Nyssen J, Poesen J, Deckers J, Haile M, Govers G, Moeyersons J (2005) Effectiveness of stone bunds in controlling soil erosion on cropland in the Tigray Highlands, northern Ethiopia. Soil Use Manag 21:287–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gresta F, Lombardo GM, Siracusa L, Ruberto G (2008) Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 28:95–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerra CA, Maes J, Geijzendorffer I, Metzger MJ (2016) An assessment of soil erosion prevention by vegetation in Mediterranean Europe: current trends of ecosystem service provision. Ecol Indic 60:213–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammad AHA, Haugen LE, Borresen T (2004) Effects of stonewalled terracing techniques on soil-water conservation and wheat production under Mediterranean conditions. Environ Manag 34:701–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammad AHA, Børresen T, Haugen LE (2006) Effects of rain characteristics and terracing on runoff and erosion under the Mediterranean. Soil Tillage Res 87:39–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández A, Arellano EC, Morales MD, Miranda MD (2016) Understanding the effect of three decades of land use change on soil quality and biomass productivity in a Mediterranean landscape in Chile. Catena 140:195–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IECA (2015) Instituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía, Sistemas de indicadores. Available at http://juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/agriculturapescaydesarrollorural/consejeria/sobre-consejeria/estadisticas/paginas/agrarias-anuario.html

  • Jefferson AJ, Wegmann KW, Chin A (2013) Geomorphology of the Anthropocene: understanding the surficial legacy of past and present human activities. Anthropocene 2:1–3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasai M, Marutani T, Reid LM, Trustrum NA (2001) Estimation of temporally averaged sediment delivery ratio using aggradational terraces in headwater catchments of the Waipaoa river, North Island, New Zealand. Earth Surf Process Landf 26:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kayser M, Benke M, Isselstein J (2012) Potassium leaching following silage maize on a productive Sandy soil. Plant Soil Environ 58:545–550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khelifa WB, Hermassi T, Strohmeier S, Zucca C, Ziadet F, Boufarona M, Habaieb H (2017) Parameterization of the effect of bench terraces on runoff and sediment yield by SWAT modelling in a small semi-arid watershed in Northern Tunisia. Land Degrad Dev 28:1568–1578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khresat S, Al-Bakri J, Al-Tahhan R (2008) Impacts of land use/cover change on soil properties in the Mediterranean region of Northwestern Jordan. Land Degrad Dev 19:397–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Meena RS, Pandey A, Seema (2017a) Soil acidity management and an economics response of lime and sulfur on sesame in an alley cropping system. Int J Curr Microb App Sci 6(3):2566–2573

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Meena RS, Yadav GS, Pandey A (2017b) Response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to sulphur and lime application under soil acidity. Int J Plant Soil Sci 14(4):1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Meena RS, Bohra JS (2018) Interactive effect of sowing dates and nutrient sources on dry matter accumulation of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). J Oilseed Brassica 9(1):72–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Labrière N, Locatelli B, Laumonier Y, Freycon V, Bernoux M (2015) Soil erosion in the humid tropics: asystematic quantitative review. Agric Ecosyst Environ 203:127–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lal R (1982) Effect of slope length and terracing on runoff and erosion on a tropical soil. In: Walling D (ed) Recent development in the explanation and prediction erosion and sediment yield. IAHS Publication, Wallingford, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Laliberté E, Wells JA, DeClerck F, Metcalfe DJ, Catterall CP, Queiroz C, Aubin I, Bonser SP, Ding Y, Fraterrigo JM, McNamara S, Morgan JW, Sánchez MD, Vesk PA, Mayfield MM (2010) Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and response diversity in plant communities. Ecol Lett 13:76–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lana-Renault N, Latron J, Karssenberg D, Serrano MP, Regüés D, Bierkens MFP (2011) Differences in stream flow in relation to changes in land cover: a comparative study in two sub-Mediterranean mountain catchments. J Hydrol 411:366–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lasanta T, Arnáez J, Ruiz FP, Lana-Renault N (2013) Agricultural terraces in the Spanish mountains: an abandoned landscape and a potential resource. Bol AGE 63:487–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesschen JP, Schoorl JM, Cammeraat LH (2009) Modelling runoff and erosion for a semi-arid catchment using a multi-scale approach based on hydrological connectivity. Geomorphology 109:174–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Lindstrom MJ (2001) Evaluating soil quality–soil redistribution relationship on terraces and steep hillslope. Soil Sci Soc Am J 65:1500–1508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li XH, Yang J, Zhao CY, Wang B (2014) Runoff and sediment from orchard terraces in South-eastern China. Land Degrad Dev 25:184–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin SQ (2007) World loquat production and research with special reference to China. Acta Hortic 750:37–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu SL, Wang C, Zhang XL, Yang JJ, Qiu Y, Wang J (2011) Soil and water conservation effect of different terrace configurations in land consolidation Project. J Soil Water Conserv 25:59–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu R, Xiao L, Liu Z, Dai J (2018) Quantifying the relative impacts of climateand human activities on vegetation changes at the regional scale. Ecol Indic 93:91–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lizaga I, Quijano L, Gaspar L, Navas A (2018) Estimating soil redistribution patterns with 137Cs measurements in a Mediterranean mountain catchment affected by land abandonment. Land Degrad Dev 29:105–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Londero AL, Minella JPG, Deuschle D, Schneider FJA, Boeni M, Merten GH (2018) Impact of broad-based terraces on water and sediment losses in no-till (paired zero-order) catchments in southern Brazil. J Soils Sediments 18:1159–1175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lozano GB, Parras AL, Cantudo PM (2016) Land use change effects on stratification and storage of soil carbon and nitrogen: application to a Mediterranean nature reserve. Agric Ecosyst Environ 231:105–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lozano GB, Muñoz RM, Parras AL (2017) Climate and land use changes effects on soil organic carbon stocks in a Mediterranean semi-natural area. Sci Total Environ 579:1249–1259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mabilde L, De Neve S, Sleutel S (2017) Regional analysis of groundwater phosphate concentrations under acidic sandy soils: edaphic factors and water table strongly mediate thesoil P-groundwater P relation. J Environ Manag 203:429–438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maetens W, Vanmaercke M, Poesen J, Jankauskas B, Jankauskiene G, Ionita I (2012) Effects of land use on annual runoff and soil loss in Europe and the Mediterranean: a meta-analysis of plot data. Prog Phys Geogr 36(5):599–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MAPA (1994) Métodos Oficiales de Análisis. Tomo III Secretaría General Técnica del Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez HC, Rodrigo CJ, Romero DA (2017) Impact of lithology and soil properties on abandoned dryland terraces during the early stages of soil erosion by water in south-east Spain. Hydrol Proc 31(17):3095–3109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marzaioli R, D’Ascoli R, De Pascale RA, Rutigliano FA (2010) Soil quality in a Mediterranean area of Southern Italy as related to different land use types. Appl Soil Ecol 44:205–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena H, Meena RS (2017) Assessment of sowing environments and bio-regulators as adaptation choice for clusterbean productivity in response to current climatic scenario. Bangladesh J Bot 46(1):241–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Yadav RS (2014) Phonological performance of groundnut varieties under sowing environments in hyper arid zone of Rajasthan, India. J App Nat Sci 6(2):344–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Yadav RS (2015) Yield and profitability of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) as influenced by sowing dates and nutrient levels with different varieties. Legum Res 38(6):791–797

    Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Yadav RS, Meena VS (2014) Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties to sowing dates and NP fertilizers under Western Dry Zone of India. Bangladesh J Bot 43(2):169–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Dhakal Y, Bohra JS, Singh SP, Singh MK, Sanodiya P (2015a) Influence of Bioinorganic Combinations on Yield, Quality and Economics of Mungbean. Am J Exp Agric 8(3):159–166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Meena VS, Meena SK, Verma JP (2015b) The needs of healthy soils for a healthy world. J Clean Prod 102:560–561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Meena VS, Meena SK, Verma JP (2015c) Towards the plant stress mitigate the agricultural productivity: a book review. J Clean Prod 102:552–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Yadav RS, Meena H, Kumar S, Meena YK, Singh A (2015d) Towards the current need to enhance legume productivity and soil sustainability worldwide: a book review. J Clean Prod 104:513–515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Yadav RS, Reager ML, De N, Meena VS, Verma JP, Verma SK, Kansotia BC (2015e) Temperature use efficiency and yield of groundnut varieties in response to sowing dates and fertility levels in Western Dry Zone of India. American J Exp Agri 7(3):170–177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meena H, Meena RS, Singh B, Kumar S (2016a) Response of bio-regulators to morphology and yield of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] under different sowing environments. J App and Nat Sci 8(2):715–718

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Bohra JS, Singh SP, Meena VS, Verma JP, Verma SK, Shiiag SK (2016b) Towards the prime response of manure to enhance nutrient use efficiency and soil sustainability a current need: a book review. J Clean Prod 112:1258–1260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Gogaoi N, Kumar S (2017a) Alarming issues on agricultural crop production and environmental stresses. J Clean Prod 142:3357–3359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Meena PD, Yadav GS, Yadav SS (2017b) Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, principles and application of microphos technology. J Clean Prod 145:157–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meena H, Meena RS, Lal R, Singh GS, Mitran T, Layek J, Patil SB, Kumar S, Verma T (2018a) Response of sowing dates and bio regulators on yield of clusterbean under current climate in alley cropping system in eastern U.P., Indian. Leg Res 41(4):563–571

    Google Scholar 

  • Meena RS, Kumar V, Yadav GS, Mitran T (2018b) Response and interaction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soybean rhizosphere: a review. Plant Growth Regul 84:207–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz RM, De la Rosa D, Zavala LM, Jordán A, Anaya RM (2011) Changes in land cover and vegetation carbon stocks in Andalusia, Southern Spain (1956–2007). Sci Total Environ 409:2796–2806

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz RM, Jordán A, Zavala LM, De la Rosa D, Abd-Elmabod SK, Anaya RM (2015) Impact of land use and land cover changes on organic carbon stocks in Mediterranean soils (1956-2007). Land Degrad Dev 26(2):168–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mupenzi JL, Li L, Ge J, Habumugisha JD, Habiyaremye G, Ngamije J, Baragahoranye I (2012) Radical Terraces in Rwanda. East Afr J Sci Tech 1(1):53–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadal RE, Lasanta T, García RJM (2013) Runoff and sediment yield from land under various uses in a Mediterranean mountain area: long-term results from an experimental station. Earth Surf Process Landf 38:346–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nadal RE, Cammeraat E, Pérez CE, Lasanta T (2016) How do soil organic carbon stocks change after cropland abandonment in Mediterranean humid mountain areas? Sci Total Environ 566–567:741–752

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nadeu E, Berhe AA, de Vente J, Boix-Fayos C (2012) Erosion, deposition and replacement of soil organic carbon in Mediterranean catchments: a geomorphological, isotopic and land use change approach. Biogeosciences 9:1099–1111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navas A, Quine TA, Walling DE, Gaspar L, Quijano L, Lizaga I (2017) Relating intensity of soil redistribution to land use changes in abandoned Pyrenean fields using fallout caesium-137. Land Degrad Dev 28:2017–2029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ni SJ, Zhang JH (2007) Variation of chemical properties as affected by soil erosion on hillslopes and terraces. Eur J Soil Sci 58:1285–1292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novara A, Gristina L, Sala G, Galati A, Crescimanno M, Cerdà A, Badalamenti E, La Mantia T (2017) Agricultural land abandonment in Mediterranean environment provides ecosystem services via soil carbon sequestration. Sci Total Environ 576:420–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes JP, Bernard JL, Rodríguez BML, Marisa SJ, de Oliveira ACC, Jacob JJ (2016) Hydrological and erosion processes in terraced fields: observations from a humid mediterranean region in Northern Portugal. Land Degrad Dev 29:596–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ochoa PA, Fries A, Mejía D, Burneo JI, Ruiz SJD, Cerdà A (2016) Effects of climate, land cover and topography on soil erosion risk in a semiarid basin on the Andes. Catena 140:31–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohana NL, Karnieli A, Egozi R, Givati A, Peeters A (2015) Modeling the effects of land-cover change on rainfall-runoff relationships in a semiarid, eastern Mediterranean watershed. Adv Meteorol vol. 2015., Article ID 838070, 16 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • OPM-CAPDR (2015) Observatorio de Precios y Mercados. Frutales subtropicales (2015) Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural. http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/observatorio/servlet/FrontController?action=Subsector&table=3940&ec=subsector&subsector=34 [Accessed 12 March 2018]

  • Ore G, Bruins HJ (2012) Design features of ancient agricultural terrace walls in the Negev desert: human-made geodiversity. Land Degrad Dev 23:409–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Padilla FM, Vidal B, Sánchez J, Pugnaire FI (2010) Land-use changes and carbon sequestration through the twentieth century in a Mediterranean mountain ecosystem: implications for land management. J Environ Manag 91:2688–2695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park JY, Yu YS, Hwang SJ, Kim C, Kim SJ (2014) SWAT modeling of best management practices for Chungju dam watershed in South Korea under future climate change scenarios. Paddy Water Environ 12:S65–S75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parras AL, Martín CM, Lozano GB (2013) Impacts of land use change in soil carbon and nitrogen in a Mediterranean agricultural area (Southern Spain). Solid Earth 4:167–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plexida S, Solomou A, Poirazidis K, Sfougaris A (2018) Factors affecting biodiversity in agrosylvopastoral ecosystems with in the Mediterranean Basin: a systematic review. J Environ Manag 151:125–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Porat N, López IG, Lensky N, Elinson R, Avni Y, Elgart SY, Faershtein G, Gadot Y (2018) Using portable OSL reader to obtain a time scale for soil accumulation and erosion in archaeological terraces, the Judean Highlands, Israel. Quat Geochronol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2018.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puigdefábregas J, Mendizabal T (1998) Perspectives on desertification: Western Mediterranean. J Arid Environ 39:209–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi X, Fu Y, Wang YR, Ng NC, He Y (2018) Improving the sustainability of agricultural land use: an integrated framework for the conflict between food security and environmental deterioration. Appl Geogr 90:214–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quine TA, Walling DE, Zhang X (1999) Tillage erosion, water erosion and soil quality on cultivated terraces near Xifeng in the Loess Plateau, China. Land Degrad Dev 10:251–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ram K, Meena RS (2014) Evaluation of pearl millet and mungbean intercropping systems in Arid Region of Rajasthan (India). Bangladesh J Bot 43(3):367–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos MC (2016) Soil losses in rainfed Mediterranean vineyards under climate change scenarios. The effects of drainage terraces. AIMS Agric Food 1(2):124–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos MC, Martínez CJA (2006) Nutrient loses by runoff in vineyards of the Mediterranean Alt Penedès region (NE Spain). Agric Ecosyst Environ 113:356–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos MC, Benito C, Martínez CJA (2015) Simulating soil conservation measures to control soil and nutrient losses in a small vineyard dominated basin. Agric Ecosyst Environ 213:194–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigo JC, Martínez HC, Iserloh T, Cerdà A (2018) Contrasted impact of land abandonment on soil erosion in Mediterranean agriculture fields. Pedosphere 28(4):617–631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez PCR, Durán ZVH, Martín PFJ, Franco TD (2009) Litter decomposition and nitrogen release in a sloping Mediterranean subtropical agroecosystem on the coast of Granada (SE, Spain): effects of floristic and topographic alterations on slope. Agric Ecosyst Environ 134:79–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez PCR, Franco TD, Francia MJR, Durán ZVH (2016) Producción de frutos de mango Osteen y Keitt con distintos portainjertos. Vida Rural 417:21–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Romero DA, Cammeraat LH, Vacca A, Kosmas C (1999) Soil erosion at three experimental sites in the Mediterranean. Earth Surf Process Landf 24:1243–1256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romero DA, Ruiz SJD, Robledano AF, Brevik EC, Cerdà A (2017) Ecosystem responses to land abandonment in Western Mediterranean Mountains. Catena 149:824–835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruecker G, Schad P, Alcubilla MM, Ferrer C (1998) Natural regeneration of degraded soils and site changes on abandoned agricultural terraces in Mediterranean Spain. Land Degrad Dev 9:179–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutten M, van Dijk Wilbert M, van RooijHenk H (2014) Land use dynamics, climate change, and food security in Vietnam: a global-to-local modeling approach. World Dev 59:29–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saikia SP, Bora D, Goswami A, Mudoi KD, Gogoi A (2013) A review on the role of Azospirillum in the yield improvement of non-leguminous crops. Afr J Microbiol Res 6:1085–1102

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez E, Ortega BV, Domínguez HF, Ortega EM, Can-Chulim A, Sarmiento BD (2013) Soil erosion control using agroforestry terraces in San Pedro Mixtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Int J Agric Sci 3(6):423–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Sang AJ, Mihara M, Horaguchi Y, Yamaji E (2006) Soil erosion and participatory remediation strategy for bench terraces in northern Thailand. Catena 65:258–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt E, Zemadim B (2015) Expanding sustainable land management in Ethiopia: scenarios for improved agricultural water management in the Blue Nile. Agric Water Manag 158:166–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder PD, Radcliffe DE, Cabrera ML (2004) Rainfall timing and poultry litter application rate effects on phosphorous loss in surface runoff. J Environ Qual 33:2201–2209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serpa D, Nunes JP, Santos J, Sampaio E, Jacinto R, Veiga S, Lima JC, Moreira M, Corte RJ, Keizer JJ, Abrantes N (2015) Impacts of climate and land use changes on the hydrological and erosion processes of two contrasting Mediterranean catchments. Sci Total Environ 538:64–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serpa D, Nunes JP, Keizer JJ, Abrantes N (2017) Impacts of climate and land use changes on the water quality of a small Mediterranean catchment with intensive viticulture. Environ Pollut 224:454–465

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharda VN, Sena DR, Shrimali SS, Khola OPS (2013) Effects of an intercrop-based conservation bench terrace system on resource conservation and crop yields in a sub-humid climate in India. Trans ASABE 56(4):1411–1425

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihag SK, Singh MK, Meena RS, Naga S, Bahadur SR, Gaurav, Yadav RS (2015) Influences of spacing on growth and yield potential of dry direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Ecoscan 9(1-2):517–519

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwick LM, Willis GH, Jonhson DC, Selim HM (1995) Leaching of nitrate, atrazine, and metribuzin from sugar cane in Southern Louisiana. J Environ Qual 24:684–690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava P, Singh R, Tripathi S, Singh RA (2016) An urgent need for sustainable thinking in agriculture-An Indian scenario. Ecol Indic 67:611–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarolli P, Preti F, Romano N (2014) Terraced landscape: from an old best practice to a potential hazard for soil degradation due to land abandonment. Anthropocene 6:10–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trigalet S, Gabarrón GMA, Van Oost K, van Wesemael B (2016) Changes in soil organic carbon pools along a chronosequence of land abandonment in southern Spain. Geoderma 268:14–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. EPA (1976) Quality criteria for water. US Environmental Protection Agency, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaccari FP, Lugato E, Gioli B, D’Acqui L, Genesio L, Toscano P, Matese A, Miglietta F (2012) Land use change and soil organic carbon dynamics in Mediterranean agro-ecosystems: the case study of Pianosa Island. Geoderma 175-176:29–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallebona C, Mantino A, Bonari E (2016) Exploring the potential of perennial crops in reducing soil erosion: a GIS-based scenarioanalysis in southern Tuscany, Italy. Appl Geogr 66:119–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijk AIJM (2002) Water and Sediment Dynamics in Bench Terraced Agricultural Steeplands in West Java, Indonesia. PhD thesis. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijk AIJM, Bruijnzeel LA (2004) Runoff and soil loss from bench terraces. 2. An event - based erosion process model. Eur J Soil Sci 55:317–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijk AIJM, Bruijnzeel LA, Vertessy RA, Ruijter J (2005) Runoff and sediment generation on bench-terraced hillsides: measurements and up-scaling of a field-based model. Hydrol Proced 19:1667–1685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanhove W, Van Damme O (2013) Value chains of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) in a centre of diversity and its on-farm conservation implications. Trop Conserv Sci 6:158–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varma D, Meena RS, Kumar S (2017a) Response of mungbean to fertility and lime levels under soil acidity in an alley cropping system in Vindhyan Region, India. Int J Chem Stu 5(2):384–389

    Google Scholar 

  • Varma D, Meena RS, Kumar S, Kumar E (2017b) Response of mungbean to NPK and lime under the conditions of Vindhyan Region of Uttar Pradesh. Legum Res 40(3):542–545

    Google Scholar 

  • Verheijen FGA, Jones RJA, Rickson RJ, Smith CJ (2009) Tolerable versus actual soil erosion rates in Europe. Earth Sci Rev 94:23–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma JP, Jaiswal DK, Meena VS, Meena RS (2015a) Current need of organic farming for enhancing sustainable agriculture. J Clean Prod 102:545–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma JP, Meena VS, Kumar A, Meena RS (2015b) Issues and challenges about sustainable agriculture production for management of natural resources to sustain soil fertility and health: a book review. J Clean Prod 107:793–794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma SK, Singh SB, Prasad SK, Meena RN, Meena RS (2015c) Influence of irrigation regimes and weed management practices on water use and nutrient uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Emend. Fiori and Paol.). Bangladesh J Bot 44(3):437–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vollenweider RA (1968) Scientific fundamentals of the eutrophication of lakes and flowing waters with particular reference to nitrogen and phosphorus. OECD Report DAS/CSI.6827, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Ran L, Fang N, Shi Z (2018) Aggregate stability and associated organic carbon and nitrogen as affected by soil erosion and vegetation rehabilitation on the Loess Plateau. Catena 167:257–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (ed) (1996) World Health Organization, Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Health criteria and other supporting information, vol 1, 2nd edn. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickama J, Okoba B, Sterk G (2014) Effectiveness of sustainable land management measures in West Usambara highlands, Tanzania. Catena 118:91–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav GS, Babu S, Meena RS, Debnath C, Saha P, Debbaram C, Datta M (2017a) Effects of godawariphosgold and single supper phosphate on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) productivity, phosphorus uptake, phosphorus use efficiency and economics. Indian J Agric Sci 87(9):1165–1169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav GS, Lal R, Meena RS, Babu S, Das A, Bhomik SN, Datta M, Layak J, Saha P (2017b) Conservation tillage and nutrient management effects on productivity and soil carbon sequestration under double cropping of rice in North Eastern Region of India. Ecol Ind http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X17305617

  • Yadav GS, Lal R, Meena RS, Datta M, Babu S, Das, Layek J, Saha P (2017c) Energy budgeting for designing sustainable and environmentally clean/safer cropping systems for rainfed rice fallow lands in India. J Clean Prod 158:29–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav GS, Das A, Lal R, Babu S, Meena RS, Saha P, Singh R, Datta M (2018a) Energy budget and carbon footprint in a no-till and mulch based rice–mustard cropping system. J Clean Prod 191:144–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav GS, Das A, Lal R, Babu S, Meena RS, Patil SB, Saha P, Datta M (2018b) Conservation tillage and mulching effects on the adaptive capacity of direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) to alleviate weed and moisture stresses in the North Eastern Himalayan Region of India. Arch Agron Soil Sci. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2018.1423555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Q, Meng FR, Zhao Z, Chowb TL, Benoy G (2009) Assessing the impacts of flow diversion terraces on stream water and sediment yields at a watershed level using SWAT model. Agric Ecosyst Environ 132:23–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yapp G, Walker J, Thackway R (2010) Linking vegetation type and condition to ecosystem goods and services. Ecol Complex 3:292–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan T, Fengmin L, Puhai L (2003) Economic analysis of rainwater harvesting and irrigation methods, with an example from China. Agric Water Manag 60:217–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Quine TA, Ni S, Ge F (2006) Stocks and dynamics of SOC in relation to soil redistribution by water and tillage erosion. Glob Chang Biol 12:1834–1841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang JH, Su ZA, Liu GC (2008) Effects of terracing and agroforestry on soil and water loss in hilly areas of the Sichuan Basin, China. J Mountain Sci 5:241–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang JH, Wang Y, Zhang ZH (2014) Effect of terrace forms on water and tillage erosion on a hilly landscape in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Geomorphology 216:114–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zucca C, Canu A, Previtali F (2010) Soil degradation by land use change in an agropastoral area in Sardinia (Italy). Catena 83:46–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Part of this publication was sponsored by the research project, ‘Impact of deficit irrigation on productivity of subtropical fruit crops: tools for sustainable water stress management’ (PP.AVA.AVA201601.8), and cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) within the Operational Programme Andalusia 2014–2020 ‘Andalucía is moving with Europe’.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro IFAPA “Camino de Purchil”, Granada, Spain

    Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo, Carmen Rocío Rodríguez Pleguezuelo, Belén Cárceles Rodríguez & Baltasar Gálvez Ruiz

  2. Centro IFAPA “Las Torres-Tomejil”, Seville, Spain

    Saray Gutiérrez Gordillo, Pedro Cermeño Sacristán & Iván Francisco García-Tejero

  3. Dpto. Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain

    Simón Cuadros Tavira

Authors
  1. Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Carmen Rocío Rodríguez Pleguezuelo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Belén Cárceles Rodríguez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Baltasar Gálvez Ruiz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Saray Gutiérrez Gordillo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Pedro Cermeño Sacristán
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Simón Cuadros Tavira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Iván Francisco García-Tejero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Durán Zuazo, V.H. et al. (2020). Terraced Subtropical Farming: Sustainable Strategies for Soil Conservation. In: Meena, R. (eds) Soil Health Restoration and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8570-4_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation