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Stream Fish Biodiversity and the Effects of Plantations in the Bintulu Region, Sarawak

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Anthropogenic Tropical Forests

Part of the book series: Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research ((AAHER))

Abstract

The biodiversity of stream-dwelling fish and the effects of oil palm and acacia plantations on this biodiversity were evaluated by field research conducted in the Bintulu region of central Sarawak, Malaysia. A quantitative survey was conducted at 61 locations by electrofishing. These 61 locations included 16 sites in oil palm plantations, five sites in acacia plantations, four sites in local community-protected forests (called pulau or pulau galau by local communities) and 36 sites in natural forests. The protected forests had the highest species richness (average ± standard deviation: 9.3 ± 2.6) followed by natural forests (7.4 ± 3.1). The species richness of oil palm (3.3 ± 1.9) and acacia (4.0 ± 1.9) plantations was approximately half that of protected and secondary forests. Cluster analysis suggests that the fish fauna was largely divided into two main groups: the plantation group and the forest group. Statistical analysis by a generalised linear model also suggests that plantations have a negative impact on fish diversity as species richness, the number of individuals and Shannon’s diversity index were all negatively affected by both oil palm and acacia plantations. The models included topographical parameters, such as slope and altitude, but the effect of plantations was much stronger than the effects of these parameters, indicating that there was no spurious relationship between plantations and fish communities. In this chapter, we evaluate the negative effect of plantations on fish biodiversity. The mechanisms by which plantations affect fish biodiversity need to be investigated in the future.

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Acknowledgements

We deeply appreciate the kind assistance we received from Abdul Aziz, Bibian Diway, Noboru Ishikawa, Ryoji Soda, Joanes Unggang, Wong Ing Yung, Sarawak Forestry Corporation and the inhabitants of Rumah Aying, Rumah Mawang and Rumah Irai. We also thank Dr Ruhana Hassan for allowing us to deposit the samples in her laboratory at UNIMAS. This work was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S9) from the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, by the Global COE Program (centre of excellence for Asian conservation ecology as a basis of human–nature mutualism), MEXT, Japan, and by the Program for Leading Graduate Schools (graduate education and research training program in decision science for a sustainable society), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Yuichi Kano

  2. WWF-Malaysia, Sarawak Programme, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Jason Hon

  3. Sarawak Conservation Programme, WWF-Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Khairulazman Sulaiman

  4. Research Institute of Environment for Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Mitsuhiro Aizu

  5. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Koji Noshita

  6. Institute of Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Hiromitsu Samejima

Authors
  1. Yuichi Kano
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  2. Jason Hon
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  3. Mohd Khairulazman Sulaiman
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  4. Mitsuhiro Aizu
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Correspondence to Yuichi Kano .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Noboru Ishikawa

  2. Graduate School of Literature and Human Sciences, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan

    Ryoji Soda

Appendix 13.1: Images of Freshwater Fish Species

Appendix 13.1: Images of Freshwater Fish Species

ID numbers correspond to those in Table 13.1. The authors are grateful for any suggestions of identification or potential misidentifications (contact: Yuichi Kano, kano@species.jp). The updated identification list is available at http://ffish.asia/BintuluFish.

Fig. 13.5
figure 5

Barbodes kuchingensis with ID number 1 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.6
figure 6

Barbodes banksi with ID number 2 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.7
figure 7

Barbonymus schwanenfeldii with ID number 3 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.8
figure 8

Cyclocheilichthys apogon with ID number 4 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.9
figure 9

Desmopuntius johorensis with ID number 5 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.10
figure 10

Esomus metallicus with ID number 6 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.11
figure 11

Garra borneensis with ID number 7 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.12
figure 12

Hampala bimaculata with ID number 8 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.13
figure 13

Hampala macrolepidota with ID number 9 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.14
figure 14

Labiobarbus leptocheilus with ID number 10 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.15
figure 15

Leptobarbus hosii with ID number 11 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.16
figure 16

Lobocheilos bo with ID number 12 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.17
figure 17

Nematabramis steindachnerii with ID number 13 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2014)

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Fig. 13.18
figure 18

Osteochilus sp. (cf. enneaporos) with ID number 14 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.19
figure 19

Osteochilus microcephalus with ID number 15 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2014)

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Fig. 13.20
figure 20

Osteochilus vittatus with ID number 16 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.21
figure 21

Oxygaster anomalura with ID number 17 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.22
figure 22

Rasbora sp. (cf. atranus) with ID number 18 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2014)

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Fig. 13.23
figure 23

Rasbora cephalotaenia with ID number 19 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2014)

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Fig. 13.24
figure 24

Rasbora dusonensis with ID number 20 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.25
figure 25

Rasbora einthovenii with ID number 21 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.26
figure 26

Rasbora ennealepis with ID number 22 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.27
figure 27

Rasbora hosii with ID number 23 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.28
figure 28

Rasbora kottelati with ID number 24 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.29
figure 29

Rasbora tornieri with ID number 25 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2014)

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Fig. 13.30
figure 30

Rasbora trilineata with ID number 26 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.31
figure 31

Tor douronensis with ID number 27 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.32
figure 32

Trigonopoma pauciperforatum with ID number 28 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.33
figure 33

Pangio semicincta with ID number 29 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.34
figure 34

Pangio shelfordii with ID number 30 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.35
figure 35

Barbucca diabolica with ID number 31 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.36
figure 36

Homaloptera orthogoniata with ID number 32 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.37
figure 37

Homalopteroides stephensoni with ID number 33 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.38
figure 38

Homalopteroides tweediei with ID number 34 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.39
figure 39

Gastromyzon megalepis with ID number 35 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.40
figure 40

Gastromyzon viriosus with ID number 36 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.41
figure 41

Neogastromyzon chini with ID number 37 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.42
figure 42

Nemacheilus spiniferus with ID number 38 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.43
figure 43

Glyptothorax major with ID number 39 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.44
figure 44

Glyptothorax exodon with ID number 40 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.45
figure 45

Kryptopterus cryptopterus with ID number 41 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.46
figure 46

Kryptopterus limpok with ID number 42 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.47
figure 47

Pterocryptis furnessi with ID number 43 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2014)

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Fig. 13.48
figure 48

Silurichthys marmoratus with ID number 44 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.49
figure 49

Clarias sp. (cf. batrachus) with ID number 45 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.50
figure 50

Clarias leiacanthus with ID number 46 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2014)

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Fig. 13.51
figure 51

Clarias nieuhofii with ID number 47 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.52
figure 52

Clarias planiceps with ID number 48 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.53
figure 53

Pseudolais micronemus with ID number 49 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.54
figure 54

Hemibagrus capitulum with ID number 50 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.55
figure 55

Hemibagrus fortis with ID number 51 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.56
figure 56

Hemibagrus hoevenii with ID number 52 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.57
figure 57

Leiocassis hosii with ID number 53 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.58
figure 58

Pseudomystus sp. with ID number 54 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.59
figure 59

Phenacostethus smithi with ID 55 number in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2014)

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Fig. 13.60
figure 60

Dermogenys collettei with ID number 56 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.61
figure 61

Hemirhamphodon kuekenthali with ID number 57 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.62
figure 62

Doryichthys martensii with ID number 58 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.63
figure 63

Monopterus javanensis with ID number 59 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.64
figure 64

Macrognathus circumcinctus with ID number 60 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.65
figure 65

Macrognathus maculatus with ID number 61 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.66
figure 66

Mastacembelus unicolor with ID number 62 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.67
figure 67

Nandus nebulosus with ID number 63 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2014)

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Fig. 13.68
figure 68

Pristolepis fasciata with ID number 64 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.69
figure 69

Oreochromis niloticus with ID number 65 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.70
figure 70

Eleotris melanosoma with ID number 66 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.71
figure 71

Oxyeleotris marmorata with ID number 67 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.72
figure 72

Oxyeleotris urophthalmus with ID number 68 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.73
figure 73

Butis amboinensis with ID number 69 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.74
figure 74

Eugnathogobius siamensis with ID number 70 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.75
figure 75

Pseudogobiopsis oligactis with ID number 71 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.76
figure 76

Stenogobius ingeri with ID number 72 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.77
figure 77

Anabas testudineus with ID number 73 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.78
figure 78

Betta akarensis with ID number 74 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.79
figure 79

Luciocephalus pulcher with ID number 75 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.80
figure 80

Osphronemus goramy with ID number 76 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.81
figure 81

Trichopodus pectoralis with ID number 77 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.82
figure 82

Trichopodus trichopterus with ID number 78 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.83
figure 83

Channa baramensis with ID number 79 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.84
figure 84

Channa lucius with ID number 80 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.85
figure 85

Channa striata with ID number 81 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Fig. 13.86
figure 86

Carinotetraodon lorteti with ID number 82 in this study. (Photograph: Yuichi Kano 2013)

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Kano, Y., Hon, J., Mohd Khairulazman Sulaiman, Aizu, M., Noshita, K., Samejima, H. (2020). Stream Fish Biodiversity and the Effects of Plantations in the Bintulu Region, Sarawak. In: Ishikawa, N., Soda, R. (eds) Anthropogenic Tropical Forests. Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7513-2_13

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