Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Current Practices and Outlook

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Microbial Metabolism of Xenobiotic Compounds

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 10))

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are active members of the group of multi-aromatic organic compounds, considered to be the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants, mainly engendered from partial combustion of wood, coal, oil or other organic materials. Currently, more than 500 PAHs are prevalent in the atmosphere; reactions between PAHs and various chemicals such as ozone, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides lead to the formation of more toxic chemicals such as diones, nitro- and dinitro-PAHs and sulfonic acids. Due to high global concern, studies are being carried out by researchers to remove PAHs in an eco-friendly and cost-effective manner. Biodegradation of PAHs is a widely used strategy in which diverse types of bacterial, fungal, algal, earthworms, protozoans, plant species and their derived compounds such as biocatalysts, and biosurfactants are being used. Though the microbial degradation of PAHs has been extensively explored, it is a quite progressive area with many research findings being added to the literature. This chapter focuses on a critical overview of current knowledge around the biodegradation of PAHs. It also discusses the recent advancement including ‘omics’ approaches in bioremediation techniques to illuminate fundamental challenges and future prospects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdel-Shafy, H. I., & Mansour, M. S. M. (2016). A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 25, 107–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Achten, C., & Andersson, J. T. (2015). Overview of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAC). Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 35, 177–186.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal, N., & Shahi, S. K. (2017). Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pyrene) using novel fungal strain Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 122, 69–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal, N., Verma, P., & Shahi, S. K. (2018). Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and pyrene) by the ligninolytic fungi Ganoderma lucidum isolated from the hardwood stump. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 5, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aitken, M. D., & Long, T. C. (2004). Biotransformation, biodegradation, and bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In A. Singh & O. P. Ward (Eds.), Biodegradation and bioremediation (pp. 83–124). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alagić, S. Č., Maluckov, B. S., & Radojičić, V. B. (2015). How can plants manage polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons? May these effects represent a useful tool for an effective soil remediation? A review. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 17, 597–614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambrosoli, R., Petruzzelli, L., Luis Minati, J., & Ajmone Marsan, F. (2005). Anaerobic PAH degradation in soil by a mixed bacterial consortium under denitrifying conditions. Chemosphere, 60, 1231–1236.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, B. E., Lundstedt, S., Tornberg, K., Schnürer, Y., Oberg, L. G., & Mattiasson, B. (2003). Incomplete degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil inoculated with wood-rotting fungi and their effect on the indigenous soil bacteria. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 22, 1238–1243.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anyakora, C., Ogbeche, A., Palmer, P., Coker, H., Ukpo, G., & Ogah, C. (2005). GC/MS analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment samples from the Niger Delta region. Chemosphere, 60, 990–997.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arey, J., & Atkinson, R. (2003). Photochemical reactions of PAHs in the atmosphere. In P. E. T. Douben (Ed.), PAHs: An ecotoxicological perspective (pp. 47–63). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aydin, S., Karaçay, H. A., Shahi, A., Gökçe, S., Ince, B., & Ince, O. (2017). Aerobic and anaerobic fungal metabolism and Omics insights for increasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation. Fungal Biology Reviews, 31, 61–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baird, W. M., Hooven, L. A., & Mahadevan, B. (2005). Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts and mechanism of action. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 45, 106–114.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baklanov, A., Hänninen, O., Slørdal, L. H., Kukkonen, J., Bjergene, N., Fay, B., Finardi, S., Hoe, S. C., Jantunen, M., Karppinen, A., Rasmussen, A., Skouloudis, A., Sokhi, R. S., & Sørensen, J. H. (2006). Integrated systems for forecasting urban meteorology, air pollution and population exposure. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 6, 1867–1913.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bamforth, S. M., & Singleton, I. (2005). Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Current knowledge and future directions. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 80, 723–736.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bezza, F. A., & Chirwa, E. M. N. (2017). Pyrene biodegradation enhancement potential of lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Paenibacillus dendritiformis CN5 strain. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 321, 218–227.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birolli, W. G., de A Santos, D., Alvarenga, N., Garcia, A. C. F. S., Romão, L. P. C., & Porto, A. L. M. (2018). Biodegradation of anthracene and several PAHs by the marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. CBMAI 1237. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 129, 525–533.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishnoi, K., Kumar, R., & Bishnoi, N. R. (2008). Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium in sterile and unsterile soil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callaghan, A. V. (2013). Metabolomic investigations of anaerobic hydrocarbon-impacted environments. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 24, 506–515.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael, A. B., & Wong, L. L. (2001). Protein engineering of Bacillus megaterium CYP102. The oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. European Journal of Biochemistry, 268, 3117–3125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castro-Silva, C., Ruíz-Valdiviezo, V. M., Valenzuela-Encinas, C., Alcántara-Hernández, R., Navarro-Noya, Y., Vázquez-Núñez, E., Luna-Guido, M., Marsch, R., & Dendooven, L. (2013). The bacterial community structure in an alkaline saline soil spiked with anthracene. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 16. https://doi.org/10.2225/vol16-issue5-fulltext-14.

  • Chang, B.-V., Chang, I. T., & Yuan, S. Y. (2008). Anaerobic degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in mangrove sediment. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 80, 145–149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chigu, N. L., Hirosue, S., Nakamura, C., Teramoto, H., Ichinose, H., & Wariishi, H. (2010). Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases involved in anthracene metabolism by the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 87, 1907–1916.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coates, J. D., Anderson, R. T., Woodward, J. C., Phillips, E. J. P., & Lovley, D. R. (1996). Anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum-contaminated harbor sediments under sulfate-reducing and artificially imposed iron-reducing conditions. Environmental Science & Technology, 30, 2784–2789.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cobas, M., Ferreira, L., Tavares, T., Sanromán, M. A., & Pazos, M. (2013). Development of permeable reactive biobarrier for the removal of PAHs by Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Chemosphere, 91, 711–716.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Congress, U. S. (1991). Office of technology assessment, bioremediation for marine oil spills-background paper. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office OTA-BP-O-70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Covino, S., Svobodová, K., Cvancarová, M., D’Annibale, A., Petruccioli, M., Federici, F., Kresinová, Z., Galli, E., & Cajthaml, T. (2010). Inoculum carrier and contaminant bioavailability affect fungal degradation performances of PAH-contaminated solid matrices from a wood preservation plant. Chemosphere, 79, 855–864.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Orazio, V., Ghanem, A., & Senesi, N. (2013). Phytoremediation of pyrene contaminated soils by different plant species. Clean Soil Air Water, 41, 377–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das, N., & Chandran, P. (2011). Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants: An overview. Biotechnology Research International, 2011, 941810.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Lima Souza, H. M., Barreto, L. R., da Mota, A. J., de Oliveira, L. A., dos Santos Barroso, H., & Zanotto, S. P. (2017). Tolerance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by filamentous fungi isolated from contaminated sediment in the Amazon region. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences, 39, 481–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Menezes, A., Clipson, N., & Doyle, E. (2012). Comparative metatranscriptomics reveals widespread community responses during phenanthrene degradation in soil. Environmental Microbiology, 14, 2577–2588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean, R. B. (1999). Book review: Biodegradation and Bioremediation (2nd ed., Martin Alexander, 470 pp. $59.95). San Diego: Academic Press. Waste Management & Research 17, 390–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng, S., & Zeng, D. (2017). Removal of phenanthrene in contaminated soil by combination of alfalfa, white-rot fungus, and earthworms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 24, 7565–7571.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Gregorio, S., Becarelli, S., Siracusa, G., Ruffini Castiglione, M., Petroni, G., Masini, G., Gentini, A., de Lima e Silva, M. R., & Lorenzi, R. (2016). Pleurotus ostreatus spent mushroom substrate for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: The case study of a pilot dynamic biopile for the decontamination of a historically contaminated soil. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 91, 1654–1664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Toro, D. M., McGrath, J. A., & Hansen, D. J. (2000). Technical basis for narcotic chemicals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon criteria. I. Water and tissue. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 19, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovskaya, E., Pozdnyakova, N., Golubev, S., Muratova, A., Grinev, V., Bondarenkova, A., & Turkovskaya, O. (2017). Peroxidases from root exudates of Medicago sativa and Sorghum bicolor: Catalytic properties and involvement in PAH degradation. Chemosphere, 169, 224–232.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Amrani, A., Dumas, A.-S., Wick, L. Y., Yergeau, E., & Berthomé, R. (2015). “Omics” insights into PAH degradation toward improved green remediation biotechnologies. Environmental Science & Technology, 49, 11281–11291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eskandari, S., Hoodaji, M., Tahmourespour, A., Abdollahi, A., Baghi, T. M., Eslamian, S., & Ostad-Ali-Askari, K. (2017). Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Bacillus Licheniformis ATHE9 and Bacillus Mojavensis ATHE13 as newly strains isolated from oil-contaminated soil. Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International, 11, 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eskandary, S., Tahmourespour, A., Hoodaji, M., & Abdollahi, A. (2017). The synergistic use of plant and isolated bacteria to clean up polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 15, 12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández-Luqueño, F., López-Valdez, F., Dendooven, L., Luna-Suárez, S., & Ceballos-Ramírez, J. M. (2016). Why wastewater sludge stimulates and accelerates removal of PAHs in polluted soils? Applied Soil Ecology, 101, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gambino, E., Toscanesi, M., Del Prete, F., Flagiello, F., Falcucci, G., Minutillo, M., Trifuoggi, M., Guida, M., Nastro, R. A., & Jannelli, E. (2017). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation and detoxification of water environment in single-chamber air-cathode Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). Fuel Cells, 17, 618–626.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Y., Zong, J., Que, H., Zhou, Z., Xiao, M., & Chen, S. (2017). Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases glomalin-related soil protein content and PAH removal in soils planted with Medicago sativa L. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 115, 148–151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García de Llasera, M. P., Olmos-Espejel, J. d. J., Díaz-Flores, G., & Montaño-Montiel, A. (2016). Biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene by two freshwater microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesmus acutus: A comparative study useful for bioremediation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 23, 3365–3375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Govarthanan, M., Fuzisawa, S., Hosogai, T., & Chang, Y.-C. (2017). Biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons using the filamentous fungus Penicillium sp. CHY-2 and characterization of its manganese peroxidase activity. RSC Advances, 7, 20716–20723.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, M., Gong, Z., Miao, R., Su, D., Li, X., Jia, C., & Zhuang, J. (2017). The influence of root exudates of maize and soybean on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation and soil bacterial community structure. Ecological Engineering, 99, 22–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S., Pathak, B., & Fulekar, M. H. (2015). Molecular approaches for biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds: A review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 14, 241–269.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, G., Kumar, V., & Pal, A. K. (2016). Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by microbial consortium: A distinctive approach for decontamination of soil. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 25, 597–623.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, G., Kumar, V., & Pal, A. K. (2017). Microbial degradation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with emphasis on pyrene. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadibarata, T., & Kristanti, R. A. (2012). Fate and cometabolic degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by white-rot fungus Armillaria sp. F022. Bioresource Technology, 107, 314–318.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hadibarata, T., Khudhair, A. B., & Salim, M. R. (2012). Breakdown products in the metabolic pathway of anthracene degradation by a Ligninolytic fungus Polyporus sp. S133. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Focus, 223, 2201–2208.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haemmerli, S. D., Leisola, M. S., Sanglard, D., & Fiechter, A. (1986). Oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene by extracellular ligninases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Veratryl alcohol and stability of ligninase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261, 6900–6903.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdan, H. Z., Salam, D. A., Hari, A. R., Semerjian, L., & Saikaly, P. (2017). Assessment of the performance of SMFCs in the bioremediation of PAHs in contaminated marine sediments under different redox conditions and analysis of the associated microbial communities. Science of the Total Environment, 575, 1453–1461.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, M.-J., Choi, H.-T., & Song, H.-G. (2004). Degradation of phenanthrene by Trametes versicolor and its laccase. Journal of Microbiology, 42, 94–98.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, X., Hu, H., Shi, X., Zhang, L., & He, J. (2017). Effects of different agricultural wastes on the dissipation of PAHs and the PAH-degrading genes in a PAH-contaminated soil. Chemosphere, 172, 286–293.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, L. D., Nestler, C., Ringelberg, D., & Bajpai, R. (2004). Extended bioremediation of PAH/PCP contaminated soils from the POPILE wood treatment facility. Chemosphere, 54, 1481–1493.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harford-Cross, C. F., Carmichael, A. B., Allan, F. K., England, P. A., Rouch, D. A., & Wong, L.-L. (2000). Protein engineering of cytochrome P450cam (CYP101) for the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Protein Engineering, Design & Selection, 13, 121–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haritash, A. K., & Kaushik, C. P. (2009). Biodegradation aspects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169, 1–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harms, H., Schlosser, D., & Wick, L. Y. (2011). Untapped potential: Exploiting fungi in bioremediation of hazardous chemicals. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 9, 177–192.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hautefort, I., & Hinton, J. C. (2000). Measurement of bacterial gene expression in vivo. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 355, 601–611.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herbst, F.-A., Bahr, A., Duarte, M., Pieper, D. H., Richnow, H. -H., von Bergen, M., Seifert, J., & Bombach, P. (2013). Elucidation of in situ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by functional metaproteomics (protein-SIP). Proteomics, 10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201200569.

  • Hesham, A. E.-L., Mohamed, E. A., Mawad, A. M. M., Elfarash, A., Abd El-Fattah, B. S., & El-Rawy, M. A. (2017). Molecular characterization of degrades a mixture of low and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Open Biotechnology Journal, 11, 27–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hidayat, A., & Yanto, D. H. Y. (2018). Biodegradation and metabolic pathway of phenanthrene by a new tropical fungus, Trametes hirsuta D7. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6, 2454–2460.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hong, Y.-W., Yuan, D.-X., Lin, Q.-M., & Yang, T.-L. (2008). Accumulation and biodegradation of phenanthrene and fluoranthene by the algae enriched from a mangrove aquatic ecosystem. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56, 1400–1405.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ibraheem, I. B. M. (2010). Biodegradability of hydrocarbons by Cyanobacteria1. Journal of Phycology, 46, 818–824.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jauhari, N., Mishra, S., Kumari, B., Singh, S. N., Chauhan, P. S., & Upreti, D. K. (2018). Bacteria induced degradation of anthracene mediated by catabolic enzymes. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jové, P., Olivella, M. À., Camarero, S., Caixach, J., Planas, C., Cano, L., & De Las Heras, F. X. (2016). Fungal biodegradation of anthracene-polluted cork: A comparative study. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 51, 70–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juhasz, A. L., & Naidu, R. (2000). Bioremediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 45, 57–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kachieng’a, L., & Momba, M. N. B. (2018). The synergistic effect of a consortium of protozoan isolates (Paramecium sp., Vorticella sp., Epistylis sp. and Opercularia sp.) on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6, 4820–4827.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadri, T., Rouissi, T., Kaur Brar, S., Cledon, M., Sarma, S., & Verma, M. (2017). Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by fungal enzymes: A review. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 51, 52–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamil, N. A. F., & Talib, S. A. (2016). Biodegradation of PAHs in soil: Influence of initial PAHs concentration. IOP Conference Series: Materuals Science Engineering, 136, 012052.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keum, Y. S., Seo, J. S., Li, Q. X., & Kim, J. H. (2008). Comparative metabolomic analysis of Sinorhizobium sp. C4 during the degradation of phenanthrene. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 80, 863–872.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S.-J., Kweon, O., & Cerniglia, C. E. (2009). Proteomic applications to elucidate bacterial aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic pathways. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 12, 301–309.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong, L., Gao, Y., Zhou, Q., Zhao, X., & Sun, Z. (2018). Biochar accelerates PAHs biodegradation in petroleum-polluted soil by biostimulation strategy. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 343, 276–284.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Košnář, Z., Mercl, F., & Tlustoš, P. (2018). Ability of natural attenuation and phytoremediation using maize (Zea mays L.) to decrease soil contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from biomass fly ash in comparison with PAHs-spiked soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 153, 16–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotoky, R., Rajkumari, J., & Pandey, P. (2018). The rhizosphere microbiome: Significance in rhizoremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Journal of Environmental Management, 217, 858–870.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumari, S., Regar, R. K., & Manickam, N. (2018). Improved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in a crude oil by individual and a consortium of bacteria. Bioresource Technology, 254, 174–179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuppusamy, S., Palanisami, T., Megharaj, M., Venkateswarlu, K., & Naidu, R. (2016). In-situ remediation approaches for the management of contaminated sites: A comprehensive overview. In P. de Voogt (Ed.), Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology (Vol. 236, pp. 1–115). Cham: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuppusamy, S., Thavamani, P., Venkateswarlu, K., Lee, Y. B., Naidu, R., & Megharaj, M. (2017). Remediation approaches for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils: Technological constraints, emerging trends and future directions. Chemosphere, 168, 944–968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamichhane, S., Bal Krishna, K. C., & Sarukkalige, R. (2017). Surfactant-enhanced remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 199, 46–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Latimer, J. S., & Zheng, J. (2003). The sources, transport, and fate of PAHs in the marine environment. In P. E. T. Douben (Ed.), PAHs: An ecotoxicological perspective (pp. 7–33). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H., Jang, Y., Choi, Y.-S., Kim, M.-J., Lee, J., Lee, H., Hong, J.-H., Lee, Y. M., Kim, G.-H., & Kim, J.-J. (2014). Biotechnological procedures to select white rot fungi for the degradation of PAHs. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 97, 56–62.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D. W., Lee, H., Lee, A. H., Kwon, B.-O., Khim, J. S., Yim, U. H., Kim, B. S., & Kim, J.-J. (2018). Microbial community composition and PAHs removal potential of indigenous bacteria in oil contaminated sediment of Taean coast, Korea. Environmental Pollution, 234, 503–512.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, C.-H., Wong, Y.-S., & Tam, N. F.-Y. (2010). Anaerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with amendment of iron(III) in mangrove sediment slurry. Bioresource Technology, 101, 8083–8092.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, L., Song, X., Kong, J., Shen, C., Huang, T., & Hu, Z. (2014). Anaerobic biodegradation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a facultative anaerobe Pseudomonas sp. JP1. Biodegradation, 25, 825–833.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, X., Guo, C., Liao, C., Liu, S., Wick, L. Y., Peng, D., Yi, X., Lu, G., Yin, H., Lin, Z., & Dang, Z. (2017). Drivers and applications of integrated clean-up technologies for surfactant-enhanced remediation of environments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Environmental Pollution, 225, 129–140.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao, C., Liang, X., Lu, G., Thai, T., Xu, W., & Dang, Z. (2015). Effect of surfactant amendment to PAHs-contaminated soil for phytoremediation by maize (Zea mays L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 112, 1–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, K., Han, W., Pan, W. P., & Riley, J. T. (2001). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from a coal-fired pilot FBC system. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 84, 175–188.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S.-L., Luo, Y.-M., Wu, L.-H., & Cao, Z.-H. (2010). Effects of fungi on co-metabolic degradation of benzo [a] pyrene in droughty red soil. Huan Jing Ke Xue, 31, 1944–1950.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., Liu, S., Sun, K., Sheng, Y., Gu, Y., & Gao, Y. (2014a). Colonization on root surface by a phenanthrene-degrading endophytic bacterium and its application for reducing plant phenanthrene contamination. PLoS One, 9, e108249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, R., Xiao, N., Wei, S., Zhao, L., & An, J. (2014b). Rhizosphere effects of PAH-contaminated soil phytoremediation using a special plant named fire Phoenix. Science of the Total Environment, 473–474, 350–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu, X., Zhang, T., Han-Ping Fang, H., Leung, K. M. Y., & Zhang, G. (2011). Biodegradation of naphthalene by enriched marine denitrifying bacteria. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 65, 204–211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, L., Wang, P., Lin, L., Luan, T., Ke, L., & Tam, N. F. Y. (2014). Removal and transformation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water by live and dead microalgae. Process Biochemistry, 49, 1723–1732.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mao, J., & Guan, W. (2016). Fungal degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and its application in bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B Soil and Plant Science, 66, 399–405.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marco-Urrea, E., García-Romera, I., & Aranda, E. (2015). Potential of non-ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation of chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. New Biotechnology, 32, 620–628.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marozava, S., Mouttaki, H., Müller, H., Laban, N. A., Probst, A. J., & Meckenstock, R. U. (2018). Anaerobic degradation of 1-methylnaphthalene by a member of the Thermoanaerobacteraceae contained in an iron-reducing enrichment culture. Biodegradation, 29, 23–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Márquez-Rocha, F. J., Hernández-Rodríguez, V. Z., & Vázquez-Duhalt, R. (2000). Biodegradation of soil-adsorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Biotechnology Letters, 22, 469–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merkl, N., Schultze-Kraft, R., & Infante, C. (2004). Phytoremediation in the tropics—The effect of crude oil on the growth of tropical plants. Bioremediation Journal, 8, 177–184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Messias, J. M., da Costa, B. Z., de Lima, V. M. G., Dekker, R. F. H., Rezende, M. I., Krieger, N., & Barbosa, A. M. (2009). Screening Botryosphaeria species for lipases: Production of lipase by Botryosphaeria ribis EC-01 grown on soybean oil and other carbon sources. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 45, 426–431.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mester, T., & Tien, M. (2000). Oxidation mechanism of ligninolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of environmental pollutants. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 46, 51–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mineki, S., Suzuki, K., Iwata, K., Nakajima, D., & Goto, S. (2015). Degradation of Polyaromatic hydrocarbons by Fungi isolated from soil in Japan. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 35, 120–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitra, S., Pramanik, A., Banerjee, S., Haldar, S., Gachhui, R., & Mukherjee, J. (2013). Enhanced biotransformation of fluoranthene by intertidally derived Cunninghamella elegans under biofilm-based and niche-mimicking conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79, 7922–7930.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, S. V., Kisa, T., Ohkuma, T., Kanaly, R. A., & Shimizu, Y. (2006). Bioremediation technologies for treatment of PAH-contaminated soil and strategies to enhance process efficiency. Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 5, 347–374.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreira, M. T., Feijoo, G., & Lema, J. M. (2000). Manganese peroxidase production by Bjerkandera sp. BOS55. Bioprocess Engineering, 23, 657–661.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morelli, I. S., Saparrat, M. C. N., Panno, M. T. D., Coppotelli, B. M., & Arrambari, A. (2013). Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil by fungi. In E. M. Goltapeh, Y. R. Danesh, & A. Varma (Eds.), Fungi as bioremediators (pp. 159–179). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, L. A., & Reynolds, C. M. (2004). Phytodegradation of organic compounds. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 15, 225–230.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ning, D., Wang, H., Ding, C., & Lu, H. (2010). Novel evidence of cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of phenanthrene in Phanerochaete chrysosporium under ligninolytic conditions. Biodegradation, 21, 889–901.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novosad, J., Fiala, Z., Borská, L., & Krejsek, J. (2002). Immunosuppressive effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by induction of apoptosis of pre-B lymphocytes of bone marrow. Acta Medica, 45, 123–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nzila, A. (2018). Biodegradation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions: Overview of studies, proposed pathways and future perspectives. Environmental Pollution, 239, 788–802.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Page, T. J., MacWilliams, P. S., Suresh, M., Jefcoate, C. R., & Czuprynski, C. J. (2004). 7-12 Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced bone marrow hypocellularity is dependent on signaling through both the TNFR and PKR. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 198, 21–28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pagé, A. P., Yergeau, É., & Greer, C. W. (2015). Salix purpurea stimulates the expression of specific bacterial xenobiotic degradation genes in a soil contaminated with hydrocarbons. PLoS One, 10, e0132062.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, J. G., Nirmal Kumar, J. I., Kumar, R. N., & Khan, S. R. (2015). Enhancement of pyrene degradation efficacy of Synechocystis sp., by construction of an artificial microalgal-bacterial consortium. Cogent Chemistry, 1, 221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng Jing-Jingwang Ningli. (2011). Microbial degradation mechanisms of soil high molecular weight PAHs and affecting factors: A review. Chinese Journal of Ecology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, R.-H., Fu, X.-Y., Zhao, W., Tian, Y.-S., Zhu, B., Han, H.-J., Xu, J., & Yao, Q.-H. (2014). Phytoremediation of Phenanthrene by transgenic plants transformed with a naphthalene dioxygenase system from Pseudomonas. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 12824–12832.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. H. (1999). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the diet. Mutation Research, 443, 139–147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potin, O., Rafin, C., & Veignie, E. (2004). Bioremediation of an aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soil by filamentous fungi isolated from the soil. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 54, 45–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pozdnyakova, N., Dubrovskaya, E., Chernyshova, M., Makarov, O., Golubev, S., Balandina, S., & Turkovskaya, O. (2018). The degradation of three-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by wood-inhabiting fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and soil-inhabiting fungus Agaricus bisporus. Fungal Biology, 122, 363–372.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pugazhendi, A., Qari, H., Al-Badry Basahi, J. M., Godon, J. J., & Dhavamani, J. (2017). Role of a halothermophilic bacterial consortium for the biodegradation of PAHs and the treatment of petroleum wastewater at extreme conditions. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 121, 44–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qi, Y.-B., Wang, C.-Y., Lv, C.-Y., Lun, Z.-M., & Zheng, C.-G. (2017). Removal capacities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by a newly isolated strain from oilfield produced water. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin, W., Fan, F., Zhu, Y., Huang, X., Ding, A., Liu, X., & Dou, J. (2018). Anaerobic biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene by a novel Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CWS2 isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 49, 258–268.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, P. V., Karegoudar, T. B., & Nayak, A. S. (2018). Enhanced utilization of fluorene by Paenibacillus sp. PRNK-6: Effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactant and synthetic surfactants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 151, 206–211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren, C.-G., Kong, C.-C., Bian, B., Liu, W., Li, Y., Luo, Y.-M., & Xie, Z.-H. (2017). Enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs by arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 19, 789–797.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rostami, S., Azhdarpoor, A., & Samaei, M. R. (2017). Removal of pyrene from soil using phytobioremediation (Sorghum Bicolor-Pseudomonas). Health Scope, 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saraswathy, A., & Hallberg, R. (2005). Mycelial pellet formation by Penicillium ochrochloron species due to exposure to pyrene. Microbiological Research, 160, 375–383.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sayara, T., Borràs, E., Caminal, G., Sarrà, M., & Sánchez, A. (2011). Bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil through composting: Influence of bioaugmentation and biostimulation on contaminant biodegradation. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 65, 859–865.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, N., Boll, E. S., Malmquist, L. M. V., & Christensen, J. H. (2017). PAH metabolism in the earthworm Eisenia fetida – Identification of phase II metabolites of phenanthrene and pyrene. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 97, 1151–1162.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherafatmand, M., & Ng, H. Y. (2015). Using sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) for bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Bioresource Technology, 195, 122–130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, I. S., Grossman, M., & Durrant, L. R. (2009). Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2–7 rings) under microaerobic and very-low-oxygen conditions by soil fungi. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 63, 224–229.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P., & Tiwary, B. N. (2017). Optimization of conditions for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation by Pseudomonas stutzeri P2 isolated from Chirimiri coal mines. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 10, 20–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, R. K., Bharambe, G., & Ryan, D. (2008). Converting wasteland into wonderland by earthworms—A low-cost nature’s technology for soil remediation: A case study of vermiremediation of PAHs contaminated soil. Environmentalist, 28, 466–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivaram, A. K., Logeshwaran, P., Lockington, R., Naidu, R., & Megharaj, M. (2018). Impact of plant photosystems in the remediation of benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene spiked soils. Chemosphere, 193, 625–634.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subashchandrabose, S. R., Logeshwaran, P., Venkateswarlu, K., Naidu, R., & Megharaj, M. (2017). Pyrene degradation by Chlorella sp. MM3 in liquid medium and soil slurry: Possible role of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase in pyrene biodegradation. Algal Research, 23, 223–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, K., Habteselassie, M. Y., Liu, J., Li, S., & Gao, Y. (2018). Subcellular distribution and biotransformation of phenanthrene in pakchoi after inoculation with endophytic Pseudomonas sp. as probed using HRMS coupled with isotope-labeling. Environmental Pollution, 237, 858–867.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takáčová, A., Smolinská, M., Ryba, J., Mackuľak, T., Jokrllová, J., Hronec, P., & Čík, G. (2014). Biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene through the use of algae. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 12, 1133–1143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarafdar, A., Sinha, A., & Masto, R. E. (2017). Biodegradation of anthracene by a newly isolated bacterial strain, Bacillus thuringiensis AT.ISM.1, isolated from a fly ash deposition site. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 65, 327–334.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tauler, M., Vila, J., Nieto, J. M., & Grifoll, M. (2016). Key high molecular weight PAH-degrading bacteria in a soil consortium enriched using a sand-in-liquid microcosm system. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100, 3321–3336.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Truu, J., Truu, M., Espenberg, M., Nõlvak, H., & Juhanson, J. (2015). Phytoremediation and plant-assisted bioremediation in soil and treatment wetlands: A review. The Open Biotechnology Journal, 9, 85–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valentín, L., Feijoo, G., Moreira, M. T., & Lema, J. M. (2006). Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in forest and salt marsh soils by white-rot fungi. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 58, 15–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varjani, S. J., & Upasani, V. N. (2016). Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by oleophilic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514. Bioresource Technology, 222, 195–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesagowda, B., Ponugupaty, E., Barbosa, A. M., & Dekker, R. F. H. (2012). Diversity of plant oil seed-associated fungi isolated from seven oil-bearing seeds and their potential for the production of lipolytic enzymes. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28, 71–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verdin, A., Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, A., Newsam, R., Robinson, G., & Durand, R. (2005). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons storage by Fusarium solani in intracellular lipid vesicles. Environmental Pollution, 133, 283–291.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vidali, M. (2001). Bioremediation. An overview. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A Pure and Applied Chemistry, 73, 1163–1172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vieira, G. A. L., Magrini, M. J., Bonugli-Santos, R. C., Rodrigues, M. V. N., & Sette, L. D. (2018). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation by marine-derived basidiomycetes: Optimization of the degradation process. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2018.04.007.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C., Sun, H., Li, J., Li, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2009). Enzyme activities during degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium in soils. Chemosphere, 77, 733–738.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C., Sun, H., Liu, H., & Wang, B. (2014). Biodegradation of pyrene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and enzyme activities in soils: Effect of SOM, sterilization and aging. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 26, 1135–1144.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Hang Ho, S. S., Huang, R., Gao, M., Liu, S., Zhao, S., Cao, J., Wang, G., Shen, Z., & Han, Y. (2016). Characterization of parent and oxygenated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Xi’an, China during heating period: An investigation of spatial distribution and transformation. Chemosphere, 159, 367–377.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C., Huang, Y., Zhang, Z., & Wang, H. (2018). Salinity effect on the metabolic pathway and microbial function in phenanthrene degradation by a halophilic consortium. AMB Express, 8, 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warshawsky, D., Ladow, K., & Schneider, J. (2007). Enhanced degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by Mycobacterium sp. in conjunction with green alga. Chemosphere, 69, 500–506.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y., Teng, Y., Li, Z., Liao, X., & Luo, Y. (2008). Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) oxidation by fungal laccase in the remediation of an aged contaminated soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40, 789–796.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y.-R., Luo, Z.-H., & Vrijmoed, L. L. P. (2010). Biodegradation of anthracene and benz[a]anthracene by two Fusarium solani strains isolated from mangrove sediments. Bioresource Technology, 101, 9666–9672.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yergeau, E., Tremblay, J., Joly, S., Labrecque, M., Maynard, C., Pitre, F. E., St-Arnaud, M., & Greer, C. W. (2018). Soil contamination alters the willow root and rhizosphere metatranscriptome and the root-rhizosphere interactome. The ISME Journal, 12, 869–884.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zafra, G., Moreno-Montaño, A., Absalón, Á. E., & Cortés-Espinosa, D. V. (2015). Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil by a tolerant strain of Trichoderma asperellum. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 22, 1034–1042.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zafra, G., Taylor, T. D., Absalón, A. E., & Cortés-Espinosa, D. V. (2016). Comparative metagenomic analysis of PAH degradation in soil by a mixed microbial consortium. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 318, 702–710.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H., Zhang, S., He, F., Qin, X., Zhang, X., & Yang, Y. (2016). Characterization of a manganese peroxidase from white-rot fungus Trametes sp.48424 with strong ability of degrading different types of dyes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 320, 265–277.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea

    A. Giridhar Babu

  2. Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

    Shahi I. Reja, Prashant S. Deore & Farukh I. Ali

  3. Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

    Nadeem Akhtar

  4. Centre for Life Science, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Mehar Sultana

Authors
  1. A. Giridhar Babu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shahi I. Reja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nadeem Akhtar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mehar Sultana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Prashant S. Deore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Farukh I. Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Pankaj Kumar Arora

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Babu, A.G., Reja, S.I., Akhtar, N., Sultana, M., Deore, P.S., Ali, F.I. (2019). Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Current Practices and Outlook. In: Arora, P. (eds) Microbial Metabolism of Xenobiotic Compounds. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 10. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7462-3_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation