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DNA Damage, Repair Mechanisms, and Chromosomal Aberrations

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Proton Beam Radiotherapy

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Abstract

Cells encounter DNA damage induced by both endogenous and exogenous factors, and have evolved damage-specific repair pathways. DNA is an important of target radiation. The most significant types of DNA damage are base lesions, single-strand breaks, and double-strand breaks. Any of these types of damage acts as a substrate for the specific repair pathway. Cells that are not able to properly repair DNA damage undergo cell death or the unrepaired and imprecisely repaired DNA damage can cause of mutations and chromosomal aberrations. Proton beams (PBs) induce DNA damage and majorityof them are repaired without significant biological consequences. However, some DNA damage is more difficult to repair and leads to cell death. Understanding the cascading events in both normal and cancer cells after exposure to PBs is crucial for the development of efficient PB-based therapies and successful space missions. The focus of the current chapter is PB-induced DNA damage and related repair pathways.

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  1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Ariungerel Gerelchuluun

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  1. University of Tsukuba, Proton Medical Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Koji Tsuboi

  2. University of Tsukuba, Proton Medical Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Takeji Sakae

  3. University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Ariungerel Gerelchuluun

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Gerelchuluun, A. (2020). DNA Damage, Repair Mechanisms, and Chromosomal Aberrations. In: Tsuboi, K., Sakae, T., Gerelchuluun, A. (eds) Proton Beam Radiotherapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7454-8_15

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