Abstract
Primary liver tumors originate from hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and mesenchymal cells (Table 17.1). Among liver tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common; the majority of HCC develops as a result of chronic liver diseases that cause severe hepatocyte damage and regeneration. Chronic inflammation results in the formation of regenerative nodules as well as in the development of HCC through induction of many genetic/epigenetic alterations. Practitioners should attempt to differentiate HCC from benign and other malignant tumors and to treat it accordingly. Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or C viruses (HCV) could reduce the risk of HCC emergence related to hepatitis virus [1, 2].
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Abbreviations
- AFP:
-
α-Fetoprotein
- ARID1:
-
AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A
- BCLC:
-
Barcelona clinic liver cancer
- CCC:
-
Cholangiocellular carcinoma
- CEUS:
-
Contract-enhanced US
- CK:
-
Cytokeratin
- CoCC:
-
Cholangiolocellular carcinoma
- CT:
-
Computed tomography
- CTA:
-
CT arteriography
- CTAP:
-
CT arterial portography
- EZH2:
-
Zeste homolog 2
- Gd-EOB-DTPA:
-
Gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
- Gd-EOB-MRI:
-
Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI
- HAIC:
-
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
- HBV:
-
Hepatitis B virus
- HCC:
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV:
-
Hepatitis C virus
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- NEC:
-
Neuroendocrine cancer
- NEN:
-
Neuroendocrine neoplasm
- NET:
-
Neuroendocrine tumor
- OATP:
-
Organic anion transporting polypeptide
- PEI:
-
Percutaneous ethanol injection
- PIVKA-II:
-
Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II
- PS:
-
Performance status
- PTC:
-
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
- RFA:
-
Radiofrequency ablation
- SOL:
-
Space-occupying lesion
- TACE:
-
Transarterial chemoembolization
- TET1:
-
Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1
- US:
-
Ultrasonography
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We are grateful to Prof. Alex Y. Chang for constructive advice for first edition of this chapter.
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Nishida, N., Kita, R., Miyoshi, K., Koda, M., Iwai, M., Suriawinata, A.A. (2019). Liver Tumors II: Malignant Tumors of the Liver. In: Hashimoto, E., Kwo, P., Suriawinata, A., Tsui, W., Iwai, M. (eds) Diagnosis of Liver Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6806-6_17
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