Abstract
Retrocaval ureter, which is also known as circumcaval ureter or preureteral vena cava, is a rare congenital malformation, first described by Hochstetter [1] in 1893. Incidence of retrocaval ureter is 1 in 1100 live births, with a male to female ratio of about 2.8:1 [2]. This abnormality is a vascular rather than ureteral embryologic phenomenon, with the ureter passing posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC).
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Zhang, G., Yan, Y., Shi, T., Li, H., Zhang, X. (2020). Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Ureteroureterostomy for Retrocaval Ureter. In: Zhang, X. (eds) Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Urology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3738-3_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3738-3_16
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